Barcelona’s city council has announced its plans to transform one in three streets in its Eixample district into green, car-free public spaces to tackle air pollution.
Under the scheme, 21 streets and 21 road junctions will be converted into small parks and public squares – creating 33.4 hectares of land “where the pedestrian and the clean air are protagonists” according to Barcelona City Council.
The transformation, which is expected to take 10 years, is an attempt to curb excessive pollution in the Catalan capital and make it a healthier, safer and more sustainable place to live.
巴塞羅那市議會宣布了其計劃，將其擴展區的三分之三的街道改造成綠色，無車通行的公共場所，以應對空氣污染。
根據該計劃，巴塞羅那市議會稱，將有21條街道和21個路口變成小公園和公共廣場-創造33.4公頃的土地，“行人和清潔的空氣是主角”。
改造預計將耗時10年，是為了遏制加泰羅尼亞首都的過度污染，並使之成為一個更健康，更安全，更可持續的生活環境。
Plans focus on central Eixample district｜計劃集中在中央擴展區
Barcelona City Council’s masterplan focuses on the streets of Eixample, the grid of streets that surrounds the medieval heart of Barcelona that were laid out when the city needed to extend beyond its walled centre.
Eixample, with its characteristic octagonal blocks separated by wide boulevards, was developed by urban planner Ildefons Cerdà in the 19th century, but has since become choked with cars.
巴塞羅那市議會的總體規劃集中在Eixample的街道上，這些街道圍繞著巴塞羅那的中世紀中心地帶，這些街道是在城市需要擴展到其圍牆中心之外時佈置的。
Eixample由寬闊的林蔭大道隔開，其特徵是八角形的方塊，由城市規劃師IldefonsCerdà在19世紀開發，但此後被汽車所cho住。
According to the council, this area is being prioritised for the transformation as it “has a very high potential impact on the rest of the city due to population density and high levels of traffic and pollution”.
“The Cerdà plan … was designed to modernise Barcelona at the end of the 19th century and achieve better public health conditions,” Barcelona City Council explained.
“In the current context, this large area of the city is once again an excellent opportunity to recover this spirit of urban transformation and update the Cerdà plan in the 21st century.”
該委員會認為，該地區正在優先進行改造，因為“由於人口密度大，交通和污染水平高，對整個城市的潛在影響很大”。
巴塞羅那市議會解釋說：“塞達計劃……旨在在19世紀末使巴塞羅那現代化，並實現更好的公共衛生條件。”
在目前的背景下，這座城市的大面積再次成為恢復這種城市轉型精神並更新21世紀Cerdà計劃的絕佳機會。
Scheme part of wider Superillas masterplan｜Superillas總體規劃的計劃部分
The scheme is an extension of the city council’s existing Superillas masterplan that was established in 2016.
Superillas, or Superblocks, are designated areas in Barcelona designed to reduce traffic and maximise public space – tackling the city’s chronic pollution problem.
So far there are six Superillas, which the council claims have resulted in as much as a 33 per cent reduction in harmful nitrogen dioxide levels – a gas that forms from emissions from cars.
In 2019, Barcelona recorded that nitrogen dioxide levels exceeded both the EU and World Health Organisation’s limits throughout the city. The same report stated that Eixample had the highest pollutions levels of all districts and was responsible for 23 per cent of deaths in the area.
該計劃是市議會現有的Superillas總體規劃的延伸，該規劃於2016年制定。
上流別墅或超級街區是巴塞羅那的指定區域，旨在減少交通和最大程度地利用公共空間-解決該市的長期污染問題。
到目前為止，已有六種Superillas，該委員會稱已將有害的二氧化氮水平降低了33％，有害的二氧化氮水平是由汽車排放物產生的。
在2019年，巴塞羅那記錄到二氧化氮水平超過了整個城市的歐盟和世界衛生組織的限值。 同一份報告指出，擴展區的污染程度是所有地區中最高的，造成該地區23％的死亡。
One in three streets will be transformed｜三分之一的街道將被改造
The goal for Eixample is to convert one in three of its streets into small parks. Alongside the 21 new plazas that will be made at road junctions, this will provide all locals with safe outdoor space within 200 metres of their homes.
To compensate for the reduction in road access, the council has said access to public transport “will be guaranteed” throughout the area.
Eixample的目標是將三分之一的街道改建為小型公園。 除了將在道路交界處建造的21個新廣場外，這還將為所有當地人提供距離家園200米以內的安全戶外空間。
為了彌補道路通行的減少，該委員會表示將“保證”整個地區的公共交通。
Work on the scheme is expected to start in 2022, beginning with the transformation of eight sites.
The site’s landscape design will be decided through an open competition. The council’s criteria invite entries that cater to pedestrians, offer shaded spaces in summer and facilitate spontaneous children’s play.
Proposals should also offer space for bar and restaurant terraces, alongside flexible space to accommodate various public events like fairs and concerts.
該計劃的工作預計將於2022年開始，首先是對八個地點的改造。
該場地的景觀設計將通過公開比賽決定。 該委員會的標準邀請參加者迎合行人，在夏天提供陰影空間並促進自發兒童遊戲。
提案還應為酒吧和餐廳的露台提供空間，並提供靈活的空間以容納各種公共活動，例如集市和音樂會。
Growing number of cities creating low-traffic spaces｜越來越多的城市創造了低流量的空間
Barcelona City Council’s plan is the latest in a string of initiatives in cities around the world to tackle car hegemony and maximise green space. Many of these are new pedestrian-friendly streets developed in response to the coronavirus pandemic to support social distancing.
In 2019, Paris revealed plans for an “urban forest” planting scheme, which will see trees and gardens introduced beside four historic sites. The goal is to improve air quality in the French capital and address climate change.
巴塞羅那市議會的計劃是全球眾多城市中解決汽車霸權和最大化綠色空間的一系列舉措中的最新舉措。 其中許多是為應對冠狀病毒大流行而開發的，有利於社會疏散的新步行街。
在2019年，巴黎透露了一項“城市森林”種植計劃的計劃，該計劃將在四個歷史遺址旁邊引入樹木和花園。 目標是改善法國首都的空氣質量並應對氣候變化。
More recently, the local council in Hackney, London, introduced initiatives to reduce car usage in an attempt to become net-zero emissions by 2040 – though the scheme has proven controversial.
Local councillor Jon Burke told Dezeen that planters and bollards that have been installed to support the scheme by alleviating rat-running – cut-through driving to avoid traffic – in residential streets have been subject to protests, graffiti and vandalism.
Elsewhere in Barcelona, ON-A recently imagined enveloping Nou Camp football stadium with a 26-hectare park to demonstrate how large areas of parkland could be introduced into cities.
Main photo is by Logan Armstrong via Unsplash.
最近，倫敦哈克尼（Hackney）地方議會提出了減少汽車使用的計劃，以期到2040年實現零排放，儘管該計劃已被證明存在爭議。
當地議員喬恩·伯克（Jon Burke）告訴德澤恩（Dezeen），為減輕居民行車中的老鼠跑（直通駕駛以避免交通）而安裝的花圃和系柱柱受到抗議，塗鴉和故意破壞。
在巴塞羅那的其他地方，ON-A最近想到了一個包圍著Nou Camp足球場的運動場，該場場有26公頃的公園，以展示可以將大片的綠地引入城市。
主照片由洛根·阿姆斯特朗（Logan Armstrong）通過Unsplash拍攝。
FROM:https://www.dezeen.com/2020/11/19/barcelona-eixample-masterplan-streets-green-space/
