Tokyo Skytree スカイツリー 東京晴空塔

Tokyo Skytree (東京スカイツリー Tōkyō Sukaitsurī) is a broadcasting, restaurant, and observation tower in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan. It became the tallest structure in Japan in 2010 and reached its full height of 634.0 metres (2,080 ft) in March 2011, making it the tallest tower in the world, displacing the Canton Tower, and the second tallest structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa (829.8 m/2,722 ft).

The tower is the primary television and radio broadcast site for the Kantō region; the older Tokyo Tower no longer gives complete digital terrestrial television broadcasting coverage because it is surrounded by high-rise buildings. Skytree was completed on Leap Day, 29 February 2012, with the tower opening to the public on 22 May 2012. The tower is the centrepiece of a large commercial development funded by Tobu Railway and a group of six terrestrial broadcasters headed by NHK. Trains stop at the adjacent Tokyo Skytree Station and nearby Oshiage Station. The complex is 7 km (4.3 mi) north-east of Tokyo Station.

Tokyo Skytree（東京スカイツリーTōkyōSukaitsurī）是日本東京墨田區的廣播，餐廳和觀景塔。它成為2010年日本最高的建築，2011年3月達到了634.0米（2,080英尺）的全高，成為世界上最高的塔樓，取代了廣州塔，成為繼Burj之後世界上第二高的建築。哈利法（829.8米/ 2,722英尺）。

塔樓是Kantō地區的主要電視和廣播節目;舊的東京鐵塔不再提供完整的數字地面電視廣播覆蓋，因為它周圍是高層建築。 Skytree於2012年2月29日閏日完成，該塔於2012年5月22日向公眾開放。該塔是由東武鐵路和由NHK領導的六個地面廣播公司資助的大型商業開發項目的核心。火車停靠在相鄰的東京晴空塔站和附近的押上站。酒店位於東京車站東北7公里（4.3英里）處。

Type:Broadcast, restaurant, and observation tower
Architectural style:Neofuturistic
Location:Sumida, Tokyo, Japan
Coordinates:35.7101°N 139.8107°ECoordinates: 35.7101°N 139.8107°E
Construction started:14 July 2008
Completed:29 February 2012
Opening :22 May 2012
Cost :65 billion JPY (600 million USD)
Owner:Tobu Tower Skytree Co., Ltd.
Height
Antenna spire:634.0 m (2,080 ft)
Roof:495.0 m (1,624 ft)
Top floor:451.2 m (1,480 ft)
Technical details
Floor count:32 above ground  3 below ground
Lifts/elevators:13
Design and construction
Architect:Nikken Sekkei
Developer:Tobu Railway
Main contractor:Obayashi Corp.

類型：廣播，餐廳和觀景塔
建築風格：Neofuturistic
地點：日本東京墨田區
坐標：35.7101°N 139.8107°ECoordinates：35.7101°N 139.8107°E
施工開始：2008年7月14日
完成時間：2012年2月29日
開幕時間：2012年5月22日
費用：650億日元（6億美元）
所有者：東武塔Skytree有限公司
高度
天線尖頂：634.0米（2,080英尺）
屋頂：495.0米（1,624英尺）
頂層：451.2米（1,480英尺）
技術細節
樓層數：地上32   3地下
升降機/電梯：13
設計和施工
建築師：Nikken Sekkei
開發商：Tobu Railway
主承包商：Obayashi Corp.

Design
The design was published on 24 November 2006, based on the following three concepts:

Fusion of neofuturistic design and the traditional beauty of Japan
Catalyst for revitalization of the city
Contribution to disaster prevention – “Safety and Security”
Tokyo Skytree also resembles a 5-storey pagoda from historical Japan helping it fit to the historical area of Asakusa.The base of the tower has a structure similar to a tripod; from a height of about 350 m (1,150 ft) and above, the tower’s structure is cylindrical to offer panoramic views of the river and the city.There are observatories at 350 m (1,150 ft), with a capacity of up to 2000 people, and 450 m (1,480 ft), with a capacity of 900 people. The upper observatory features a spiral, glass-covered skywalk in which visitors ascend the last 5 meters to the highest point at the upper platform. A section of glass flooring gives visitors a direct downward view of the streets below.
Earthquake resistance
The tower has seismic proofing, including a central shaft made of reinforced concrete. The main internal pillar is attached to the outer tower structure for the first 125 meters (410 ft) above ground. From there until 375 meters (1,230 ft) the pillar is attached to the tower frame with oil dampers, which act as cushions during an earthquake. Additional resilience is achieved through an “added mass control mechanism” (or tuned mass damper) – a damping system which, in the event of an earthquake, moves out of step with the building’s structure, to keep the center of gravity as central as possible to the tower’s base.According to the designers, the dampers can absorb 50 percent of the energy from an earthquake.

Colour
The exterior lattice is painted a colour officially called “Skytree White”. This is an original colour based on a bluish-white traditional Japanese colour called aijiro (藍白).

Illumination
The illumination design was published on 16 October 2009. Two illumination patterns Iki (chic, stylish) sky blue and Miyabi (elegance, refinement) purple will be used, alternating daily. The tower is illuminated using LEDs.

設計
該設計於2006年11月24日根據以下三個概念發布：

融合了新創意設計與日本傳統美
振興城市的催化劑
對防災的貢獻 – “安全與保障”
東京晴空塔也類似於歷史悠久的日本的一座5層高的寶塔，它可以適應淺草的歷史區域。塔樓的基座有類似三腳架的結構。從高度約350米（1,150英尺）及以上，塔的結構是圓柱形的，可以看到河流和城市的全景。有350米（1,150英尺）的天文台，最多可容納2000人，和450米（1,480英尺），可容納900人。上部天文台設有一個玻璃覆蓋的螺旋形天空步道，遊客可以在最後5米處登上上層平台的最高點。一段玻璃地板讓遊客可以直接向下看到下面的街道。
抗震性
該塔具有抗震能力，包括由鋼筋混凝土製成的中心軸。主要內部支柱連接到外部塔架結構，在地面上方的前125米（410英尺）處。從那裡直到375米（1,230英尺），支柱通過油阻尼器連接到塔架上，油阻尼器在地震期間起到緩衝作用。通過“附加質量控制機構”（或調諧質量阻尼器）實現額外的彈性 – 一種阻尼系統，在發生地震時，與建築物的結構不同步，使重心盡可能保持中心位置根據設計師的說法，阻尼器可以吸收50％的地震能量。

顏色
外部格子被塗成一種官方稱為“Skytree White”的顏色。這是一種基於藍白色傳統日本顏色的原始顏色，稱為aijiro（藍白）。

照明
照明設計於2009年10月16日發布。將使用兩種照明模式Iki（時尚，時尚）天藍色和Miyabi（優雅，精緻）紫色，每天交替。使用LED照亮塔。

The Tokyo Sky Tree, in Japan, became the tallest free-standing structure in the world when it reached its final height of 634m in March 2011. It surpassed the former record holder, Canton Tower in China, which is 600m tall. Tokyo Sky Tree is also the second tallest structure in the world, behind the Burj Khalifa (829.8m) in Dubai, UAE.

The tower is located in Narihirabashi / Oshiage area, of the Sumida district in the capital city Tokyo. The high-rise tower is used as a hub for terrestrial digital TV and radio broadcasting, as well as an observation tower. It has an aquarium, theatre and cooling and heating facilities.

Tokyo Sky Tree was designed by the Japanese architectural firm Nikken Sekkei. The architect also designed the 333m Tokyo Tower in 1958. The development was carried out by Tobu Tower Sky Tree and Tobu Railway at a cost of ¥65bn ($806m).

Construction of the tower was started in July 2008. In November 2011, Guinness World Records recognised it to be the tallest free-standing tower in the world. It was completed in February 2012 and opened to public in May 2012. It is expected to attract about 25 million visitors a year.

日本東京天空樹於2011年3月達到最高高度634米，成為世界上最高的獨立式建築。它超過了中國廣州塔的前身，600米高。東京晴空塔也是世界上第二高的建築，僅次於阿聯酋迪拜的哈利法塔（829.8米）。

該塔位於首都東京的墨田區的Narihirabashi / Oshiage區。高層塔樓用作地面數字電視和無線電廣播的樞紐，以及觀測塔。它有一個水族館，劇院和冷卻和供暖設施。

東京晴空塔由日本建築公司Nikken Sekkei設計。建築師還於1958年設計了333米的東京塔。開發項目由東武塔天空樹和東武鐵路公司進行，耗資650億日元（8.06億美元）。

該塔的建設於2008年7月開始。2011年11月，吉尼斯世界紀錄認為它是世界上最高的獨立塔。它於2012年2月完成，並於2012年5月向公眾開放。預計每年將吸引約2500萬遊客。

FROM:Here’s How Engineers Used Ancient Techniques To Protect Tokyo’s Skytree From Earthquakes

FROM:Seeing Japan’s Tallest Building: Tokyo Skytree Guide

FROM:Tokyo Skytree, tallest tower in the world, observation deck, Japan

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