Louvre Abu Dhabi 盧浮宮阿布扎比

From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louvre_Abu_Dhabi

Status Complete
Type Art museum
Architectural style Modern
Location Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi
Coordinates 24.5336639°N 54.3984611°E
Completed 8 November 2017
Cost €83 million – €108 million
Design and construction
Architect Jean Nouvel
Structural engineer Buro Happold

狀態完成
類型美術館
建築風格現代
位置阿布扎比薩迪亞特島
坐標24.5336639°N 54.3984611°E
2017年11月8日完工
花費8,300萬歐元 – 1.08億歐元
設計和建造
建築師Jean Nouvel
結構工程師Buro Happold

The Louvre Abu Dhabi is an art and civilization museum, located in Abu Dhabi, UAE.The museum was inaugurated on November 8th 2017. It is part of a thirty-year agreement between the city of Abu Dhabi and the French government. The museum is located on the Saadiyat Island Cultural District. It is approximately 24,000 square metres (260,000 sq ft) in size, with 8,000 square metres (86,000 sq ft) of galleries, making it the largest art museum in the Arabian peninsula. The final cost of the construction is expected to be between €83 million and €108 million. In addition, US$525 million was paid by Abu Dhabi to be associated with the Louvre name, and an additional $747 million will be paid in exchange for art loans, special exhibitions and management advice.

Artwork from around the world are showcased at the museum, with particular focus placed upon bridging the gap between Eastern and Western art

阿布扎比羅浮宮是位於阿聯酋阿布扎比的藝術與文明博物館。博物館於2017年11月8日落成。這是阿布扎比市與法國政府達成三十年協議的一部分。 該博物館位於薩迪亞特島文化區。 它面積約24,000平方米（26萬平方英尺），擁有8000平方米（86,000平方英尺）的畫廊，是阿拉伯半島最大的藝術博物館。 預計建設的最終成本將在8,300萬歐元至1.08億歐元之間。 此外，阿布扎比支付了5.25億美元與盧浮宮的名稱相關聯，還將支付7.47億美元，用於交換藝術貸款，特別展覽和管理諮詢。

來自世界各地的藝術品在博物館展出，重點放在縮小東西方藝術之間的差距上

Saadiyat Island’s Cultural District plans to house the largest single cluster of world-class cultural assets. In addition to the Louvre Abu Dhabi these are intended to include: Zayed National Museum, to be designed by United Kingdom-based architectural company Foster and Partners under the direction of Lord Norman Foster; the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi contemporary arts museum – the world’s largest Guggenheim and the only museum to be located in the Middle East; a performing arts centre designed by Zaha Hadid; a maritime museum with concept design by Tadao Ando and a number of arts pavilions.

Architecture

A model of the museum’s proposed design

The interior of the museum, showing the distinctive domed ceiling

The interior of the Louvre Abu Dhabi
The museum will be designed as a “seemingly floating dome structure”; its web-patterned dome allowing the sun to filter through. The overall effect is meant to represent “rays of sunlight passing through date palm fronds in an oasis.”[12][13] The total area of the museum will be approximately 24,000 square metres (260,000 sq ft). The permanent collection will occupy 6,000 square metres (65,000 sq ft), and the temporary exhibitions will take place over 2,000 square metres (22,000 sq ft),[3][14]

Construction
Construction works at Louvre Abu Dhabi officially started on 26 May 2009. Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and the President of France, Nicolas Sarkozy inaugurated an exhibition titled, Talking Art: Louvre Abu Dhabi at the Gallery One of the Emirates Palace Hotel which includes 19 works of art bought over the last 18 months for the Louvre Abu Dhabi, as well as loans from the French national museums to mark the beginning of the construction work. Piling works In Louvre were to be completed by August 2010, with the piling and enabling works package awarded to the German specialized company (Bauer International FZE). The total of 4536 piles consisted of RC Piles and H-Piles and was completed on 3 August 2010.

On 29 October 2011, Tourism Development & Investment Company (TDIC.), the project manager owned by the government of Abu Dhabi, announced it would delay establishing the museum. The company gave no new date. According to the UAE newspapers Gulf News and The National, the delay could be explained by a review of the emirate’s economic strategy.

In January 2012 it was confirmed that the Louvre Abu Dhabi’s new opening date would be 2015.

Construction on the main phase of the museum began in early 2013 by a consortium headed by Arabtec, Constructora San José and Oger Abu Dhabi. This stage includes waterproofing and the two basement levels, along with four concrete pillars that will support the 7,000 tonne dome.

Work on the construction of the gallery spaces and initial preparation for the dome began in the fourth quarter of 2013. On 5 December 2013, the first element of the museum’s canopy was lifted into place.

On 17 March 2014 TDIC announced the completion of the first permanent gallery structure to mark the first anniversary of the start of construction. At this time, it was claimed that a total of ten million man hours had been worked and 120,538 cubic meters of concrete used.

On 22 September, the final super-sized element in the canopy was fitted in place, marking a significant milestone in the museum’s construction phase. In October, The Tourism & Development Investment Company announced that the Louvre Abu Dhabi was more than 50 per cent complete.

Visual identity[edit] The three-languages wayfinding system for the Louvre Abu Dhabi was designed by Philippe Apeloig, and is implemented in both Arabic and Roman script. Frutiger LT typeface has been chosen for the Roman texts for its perfect readability for signage; while Lebanese typographer Kristyan Sarkis created an Arabic bespoked typeface, the LAD Arabic, based on the classic Naskh style and his Colvert Arabic font.

The design of the pictograms was inspired by the museum’s architecture, and particularly by the abstract shapes created by the rain of light filtering through the gigantic dome’s mashrabiyas. Each pictogram is a combination of several of these shapes, creating silhouettes and objects.

位置
薩迪亞特島的文化區計劃收容世界級文化遺產中最大的單一群體[10]。除了阿布扎比的盧浮宮之外，還包括：由英國建築公司福斯特和合夥人在諾曼·福斯特勳爵指導下設計的紮耶德國家博物館;古根海姆阿布扎比當代藝術博物館 – 世界上最大的古根海姆博物館和唯一位於中東的博物館;由扎哈·哈迪德設計的表演藝術中心;由安藤忠雄設計的概念設計海上博物館和一些藝術館。

建築

博物館提出的設計模型

博物館的內部展示了獨特的圓頂天花板

盧浮宮阿布扎比的內部
博物館將被設計成一個“看起來浮動的圓頂結構”。它的網狀圖案的圓頂允許太陽過濾。整體效果是為了代表“在綠洲中穿過棗椰樹葉的陽光。”博物館的總面積約為24,000平方米（26萬平方英尺）。永久性收藏將佔地6000平方米（6.5萬平方英尺），臨時展覽將超過2000平方米（22,000平方英尺），

施工
2009年5月26日，阿布扎比盧浮宮的建築工程正式開工。阿布扎比王儲穆罕默德·本·扎耶德·阿勒納哈揚和法國總統尼古拉·薩科齊開創了一個名為“會說藝術：阿布扎比羅浮宮”的展覽。酋長國宮殿酒店，其中包括過去18個月為阿布扎比盧浮宮購買的19件藝術作品，以及來自法國國家博物館的貸款，以標誌著建築工程的開始。盧浮宮的打樁工程將於2010年8月完工，並將打樁工程打包給德國專業公司（Bauer International FZE）。共有4536根樁由鋼筋混凝土樁和H樁組成，於2010年8月3日竣工。

2011年10月29日，阿布扎比政府所屬項目經理Tourism Development＆Investment Company（TDIC。）宣布將延遲建立博物館。該公司沒有提供新的日期。據阿聯酋報紙“海灣新聞”和“國家報”報導，拖延可以通過對酋長國經濟戰略的回顧來解釋。

在2012年1月，確認了阿布扎比盧浮宮的新開幕日期將是2015年。

博物館主階段的建設始於2013年初，由Arabtec，Constructora SanJosé和Oger Abu Dhabi領導的財團開始。這個階段包括防水和兩個地下室水平，以及將支持7000噸圓頂的四個混凝土支柱。

2013年第四季度開始建設畫廊空間和圓頂的初步準備工作。2013年12月5日，博物館的第一個元素被取消了。

2014年3月17日，TDIC宣布完成第一個永久性的畫廊結構，以紀念開工一周年。據稱，目前共有上千萬工時，混凝土使用120,538立方米。

9月22日，華蓋的超大尺寸元素已經安裝完畢，標誌著博物館建設階段的一個重要里程碑。旅遊和開發投資公司10月份宣布，阿布扎比盧浮宮已經完工了50％以上。

視覺形象
阿布扎比盧浮宮的三種語言導覽系統由Philippe Apeloig設計，並採用阿拉伯文和羅馬文字。 Frutiger LT字體已被選為羅馬文本，因為它的標誌完美的可讀性;而黎巴嫩的印刷商Kristyan Sarkis則以經典的Naskh風格和Colvert阿拉伯字體為基礎，創作了一種阿拉伯語拼寫字體，LAD阿拉伯語。

象形圖的設計靈感來源於博物館的建築，特別是通過巨大的圓頂的mashrabiyas過濾雨光所產生的抽象形狀。每個像形圖是幾個這些形狀的組合，創建輪廓和對象。

LOUVRE ABU DHABI: THE PROJECT – LOUVRE ABU DHABI : LE PROJET – MUSÉE DU LOUVRE

From:Musée du Louvre

LOUVRE ABU DHABI

From:gruposanjoseoficial

The Louvre Abu Dhabi first started sharing its collection with the public through an exhibition entitled “Talking Art: Louvre Abu Dhabi,” which opened in May 2009. The exhibition presented the first 19 acquisitions for the institution, including a Mamluk holy Koran from the 14th century, a 5th-century Fibula from Domagnano, a Virgin and Child by Bellini, and Mondrian’s Composition with blue, red, yellow and black from 1922.

A second exhibition, Birth of a Museum, opened at the exhibition space Manarat Al Saadiyat in May 2013, ending in August that year. The first large-scale preview of the collection, it featured 130 works acquired by the government of Abu Dhabi for the permanent collection. They included a never-before seen work by Picasso, a Bronze Age terracotta statue from Cyprus, along with artifacts from Greece, Turkey, Japan and Syria.

In May 2014, the Birth of a Museum exhibition, featuring works shown in Abu Dhabi and a number of new acquisitions opened at the Louvre in Paris. A number of new works were presented, including Chirisei Kyubiki by the Japanese artist Kazuo Shiraga and painted in 1960.

阿布扎比首次開始通過2009年5月開幕的“Talking Art：Louvre Abu Dhabi”展覽與公眾分享其收藏品。該展覽為該機構提供了19個收購項目，其中包括從14日開始的馬穆魯克“古蘭經” （Domagnano）的一個五世紀腓力（腓肋），貝利尼（Bellini）的聖母子女（Virgin and Child），以及1922年的蒙德里安的藍，紅，黃，黑三色。

第二個展覽“博物館的誕生”於2013年5月在展覽空間Manarat Al Saadiyat開幕，當年8月結束。收藏的第一個大規模的預覽，其中包括阿布扎比政府收購的永久收藏130項作品。其中包括前所未有的畢加索作品，來自塞浦路斯的青銅時代兵馬俑，以及來自希臘，土耳其，日本和敘利亞的文物。

2014年5月，一個博物館的誕生，展示了阿布扎比展出的作品以及在巴黎盧浮宮開設的一些新的收購項目。提出了一些新的作品，包括由日本藝術家Kazuo Shiraga創作的Chirisei Kyubiki，並於1960年創作。

VIDEO: LOUVRE ABU DHABI – A YEAR LATER

From: The National

Other programmes
The Louvre Abu Dhabi has also been working with the Paris Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi to set up a master’s program for museum professionals to train them and help them respond to local needs.

Management
Contract
Louvre Abu Dhabi is an entirely separate museum from the Louvre in Paris, although the two are linked by a thirty-year branding and training agreement and the Paris Louvre is one of the 12 shareholders in Agence France-Muséums. The thirty-year agreement, signed by French Culture Minister Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres and Sheik Sultan bin Tahnoon Al Nahyan, will prompt the construction of a Louvre museum on Saadiyat Island, near central Abu Dhabi, in exchange for US$1.3 billion.The contract prohibits the creation of any similar operation with the name of the Louvre in any of the other emirates of the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iran, or Iraq.French President Jacques Chirac praised the museum deal with Abu Dhabi, saying it reflects “a certain idea of the world” in which each party to the accord, “proud of its roots and of its identity, is conscious of the equal dignity of all cultures.”

Cost
US$525 million was paid by Abu Dhabi to be associated with the Louvre name, and an additional $747 million in exchange for art loans, special exhibitions and management advice.Arabtec is leading a consortium that is building the museum under a $653 million contract awarded early in 2013.

Cost estimates
US$525 million was paid by the city of Abu Dhabi for the use of the Louvre brand name, with US$195 million payable within a month.In addition to this, US$247 million will be paid for the loan of artworks from the Louvre over a ten-year period, with a total of between two hundred and three hundred artworks expected. The Parisian Louvre will also be providing management advice to its Middle Eastern counterpart, at a cost of US$214.5 million. An additional US$253.5 million will be paid for various special exhibitions. A total of four exhibitions will be hosted per year over a period of fifteen years.The city of Abu Dhabi will also make a direct donation of US$32.5 million to the Louvre to refurbish a wing of the Pavillon de Flore for the display of international art.

Controversies
The deal has sparked much controversy in both artistic and academic circles. According to Maymanah Farhat, “the controversy that has surfaced in France is led by art historian Didier Rykner, one of the most outspoken critics of the French–Emirati deal.” A petition against the deal, signed by 4,650 museum experts, archaeologists and art historians, has insisted that “museums are not for sale.”The Louvre has been accused of behaving “like a corporation with a clearly-defined strategy: profit maximization.”In the words of Didier Rykner:

We have lost a battle, but the combat continues.

— Didier Rykner
Human rights abuse controversies
In April 2011, over 120 international artists urged a boycott of both the Louvre and Guggenheim museums over concerns regarding the abuse and exploitation of construction workers employed to develop the complex. In December 2013, The Guardian reported that conditions for the workers at the construction sites amount to modern-day slavery

Response
According to the New York Times, “Henri Loyrette, the president and director of the Louvre, has responded to growing criticism of the museum’s new policy of establishing footholds abroad, arguing that the Louvre cannot ignore the ‘internationalization’ of museums.” He had the following to say in the museum’s defence:

It’s a fair fee for the concession of the name. This tutelary role deserves reward. It’s normal.

— Henri Loyrette
We’re not selling the French legacy and heritage. We want this culture to radiate to parts of the world that value it. We’re proud that Abu Dhabi wants to bring the Louvre here. We’re not here to transform culture into a consumer product.

— Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, UAE President and Ruler of Abu Dhabi said:

This is a major achievement in Abu Dhabi’s vision to become a world-class destination bridging global cultures. This accord further strengthens international dialogue, which will embrace all cultures. This initiative is a unique milestone in international cooperation and bilateral relations and a tribute to the longstanding and friendly ties our two nations have enjoyed. It also creates an enriching environment to be treasured by and to educate generations to come.

— Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan

其他程序
阿布扎比的盧浮宮還與阿布扎比的巴黎索邦大學合作，為博物館專業人員設立了一個碩士課程，對他們進行培訓，幫助他們回應當地的需求。

管理
合同
盧浮宮阿布扎比是一個完全獨立的巴黎盧浮宮博物館，雖然兩者有著三十年的品牌和培訓協議，而巴黎的盧浮宮也是法國 – 法國博物館十二位股東之一。由法國文化部長Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres和Sheik Sultan bin Tahnoon Al Nahyan簽署的為期三十年的協議將促使在阿布扎比中部附近的薩迪亞特島上建造一座盧浮宮博物館，以換取13億美元的合同。在阿聯酋，沙特阿拉伯，科威特，阿曼，巴林，卡塔爾，埃及，約旦，敘利亞，黎巴嫩，伊朗或伊拉克的任何其他酋長國開展任何類似的盧浮宮行動。法國總統雅克·希拉克讚揚博物館與阿布扎比的交易，稱這反映了“世界的某種想法”，其中各方“以其根源和身份為榮，意識到所有文化的平等尊嚴”。

成本
阿布扎比支付了5.25億美元，與盧浮宮名稱相關聯，另外還有7.47億美元用於交換藝術貸款，特別展覽和管理諮詢。阿拉伯語以領先的財團正在按照6.53億美元的合同在2013年。

成本估算
阿布扎比市為使用盧浮宮品牌支付了5.25億美元，其中1億5千5百萬美元在一個月內支付。除此之外，還將支付2.47億美元用於盧浮宮藝術品的貸款十年，總共有二三百件藝術品。巴黎盧浮宮也將向其中東地區的對口方提供管理建議，費用為2.145億美元。額外的2.535億美元將用於各種特別展覽。每年總共將舉辦四個展覽，為期15年。阿布扎比市還將向盧浮宮直接捐贈3250萬美元，用於翻新Pavillon de Flore翼樓，以展示國際藝術。

爭議
這筆交易在藝術界和學術界引起了很大的爭議。根據Maymanah Farhat的說法，“在法國出現的爭議是由藝術史學家迪迪埃·里克納（Didier Rykner）領導的，他是法國阿聯酋最直接的批評者之一。一項由4,650名博物館專家，考古學家和藝術史家簽署的反對此項交易的請願書堅持認為“博物館不是出售”。盧浮宮被指責為“像一個明確規定的戰略：利潤最大化”的公司。用Didier Rykner的話來說：

我們已經失去了一場戰鬥，但戰鬥仍在繼續。

– Didier Rykner
人權濫用爭議
2011年4月，超過120位國際藝術家敦促抵制盧浮宮和古根海姆博物館，因為他們擔心濫用和開發建築工人以開發這座建築群。 “衛報”報導，2013年12月，建築工地工人的條件相當於現代奴隸制

響應
據“紐約時報”報導，盧浮宮總裁兼董事長羅伊（Henri Loyrette）對於博物館在海外建立立足點的新政策的批評越來越多，他們認為盧浮宮不能忽視博物館的“國際化”。他在博物館的辯護中說了以下幾句話：

這個名字的讓步是一個合理的費用。這個守護角色應該得到回報。這是正常的。

– Henri Loyrette
我們不賣法國遺產和遺產。我們希望這種文化輻射到世界上重視它的地方。我們為阿布扎比想把盧浮宮帶到這裡感到自豪。我們不是在這裡把文化轉化成消費品。

– Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres
阿聯酋總統兼阿布扎比統治者哈立法·本·扎耶德·阿勒納哈揚說：

這是阿布扎比成為跨越全球文化的世界級目的地的一個重大成就。這一協議進一步加強了將涵蓋所有文化的國際對話。這一倡議是國際合作和兩國關係中的一個獨特的里程碑，是對兩國長期友好關係的讚揚。創造豐富的環境，珍惜和教育後代。

– 哈利法·本·扎耶德·阿勒納哈揚

THE CANOPY OF LOUVRE ABU DHABI BEING LOWERED INTO PLACE

From: The National

From: The B1M

Resource :
https://www.archdaily.com/879354/louvre-abu-dhabi-announces-november-grand-opening

FSHARPCONF 2016 THE 3D GEOMETRY OF LOUVRE ABU DHABI

From:25msr

LOUVRE ABU DHABI : PAYSAGES

From: Musée du Louvre

MUSEUM ISLAND

From: Mashable News

LOUVRE ABU DHABI

From: Omar Atwe
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