Trump orders new government buildings must be “beautiful”｜特朗普命令新政府大樓必須“美麗”

President Donald Trump has passed an executive order stating new US government buildings must be “beautiful” just one month before Joe Biden takes office.

The order, titled Executive Order on Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture, was passed on Monday 21 December 2020. President-elect Biden will be sworn in on 21 January 2021.

唐納德·特朗普總統已經通過一項行政命令，規定在喬·拜登就任前一個月，新的美國政府建築物必須“美麗”。

這項名為“促進美麗的聯邦城市建築的行政命令”的命令於2020年12月21日星期一通過。當選總統拜登將於2021年1月21日宣誓就職。

Classical architecture to be encouraged｜鼓勵古典建築

Trump’s order stipulates that new buildings commissioned for the federal government must be “beautiful” and names classical and traditional architecture as the preferred style, but stops short of banning other styles, such as brutalism.

“Encouraging classical and traditional architecture does not exclude using most other styles of architecture, where appropriate,” reads the order.

“Care must be taken, however, to ensure that all federal building designs command respect [sic] of the general public for their beauty and visual embodiment of America’s ideals.”

The order defines traditional architecture as “Gothic, Romanesque, Pueblo Revival, Spanish Colonial, and other Mediterranean styles of architecture historically rooted in various regions of America”.

特朗普的命令規定，受聯邦政府委託建造的新建築必須“美麗”，並以古典和傳統建築為首選風格，但仍禁止禁止其他風格，例如野蠻主義。

該命令說：“鼓勵古典和傳統建築並不能排除在適當情況下使用大多數其他風格的建築。”

“但是，必須注意確保所有聯邦建築設計因其美感和對美國理想的視覺體現而受到公眾的尊重。”

該命令將傳統建築定義為“哥特式，羅馬式，普韋布洛復興，西班牙殖民時期以及其他源於美國各個地區的地中海風格建築”。

Architects must design for “the American people”｜建築師必須為“美國人民”設計

The executive order seeks to stamp out designs made for “architects to appreciate” and instead “ensure that architects designing federal buildings serve their clients, the American people”.

A Council for Improving Federal Civic Architecture will also be established per the executive order, a signed and published written directive from the US president that does not require approval from Congress.

Trump, who is now in the last few weeks of his presidency, had previously threatened to insist all federal buildings be designed in a classical style only.

A draft of the executive order, called Making Federal Buildings Beautiful Again, was released in early 2020 and condemned brutalist and deconstructivist architecture styles. The move prompted outrage, with the American Institute of Architects writing an open letter in protest.

該行政命令旨在取消為“欣賞建築師”而設計的設計，而是“確保設計聯邦建築的建築師為他們的客戶（美國人民）服務”。

根據行政命令，還將建立一個改善聯邦民用建築委員會，這是美國總統簽署並發布的書面指示，不需要國會批准。

特朗普現在擔任總統職位的最後幾個星期，此前曾威脅要堅持要求所有聯邦建築只能設計成古典風格。

2020年初發布了一份行政命令草案，名為“使聯邦建築再次美麗”，譴責野蠻主義和解構主義的建築風格。 此舉引發了憤怒，美國建築師協會（American Institute of Architects）寫了一封公開信抗議。

Order dismisses tastes of “architectural elite”｜秩序消除了“建築精英”的品味

The final order still contains much of the earlier draft’s sentiments about architecture, drawing a direct link between the architecture of Ancient Greece and Rome and the democratic aims of America’s founding fathers, and identifying mid-century architecture as a deviation from this pattern.

“Federal architecture sometimes impresses the architectural elite, but not the American people who the buildings are meant to serve,” complains the order.

“Federal public buildings should uplift and beautify public spaces, inspire the human spirit, ennoble the United States, and command respect from the general public,” it continues.

“They should also be visually identifiable as civic buildings and, as appropriate, respect regional architectural heritage. Architecture — with particular regard for traditional and classical architecture — that meets the criteria set forth in this subsection is the preferred architecture,” the order states.

The order notes that while “elite architects” liked the San Francisco Federal Building, which was designed by Morphosis and opened in 2007, local residents “consider it one of the ugliest structures in their city”.

Melania Trump, the president’s wife, recently completed her own architectural project in the classical style – a tennis pavilion fronted by columns in the grounds of the White House.

Image is courtesy of Shutterstock.

最終命令仍然包含早期草案中有關建築的許多觀點，在古希臘和羅馬的建築與美國開國元勳的民主目標之間建立了直接聯繫，並確定了本世紀中葉的建築與這種模式有所不同。

該命令抱怨說：“聯邦建​​築有時會給建築精英留下深刻的印象，但建築物所要服務的美國人卻不會。”

它繼續說：“聯邦公共建築應該提升和美化公共空間，激發人的精神，使美國高貴，並贏得公眾的尊重。”

該命令指出：“它們還應在視覺上可識別為民用建築，並在適當時尊重區域建築遺產。滿足本小節規定標準的建築（尤其是傳統和古典建築）是首選建築。”

該命令指出，儘管“精英建築師”喜歡由Morphosis設計並於2007年開放的舊金山聯邦大廈，但當地居民“卻將其視為城市中最醜陋的建築之一”。

總統的妻子梅拉尼婭·特朗普（Melania Trump）最近以古典風格完成了自己的建築項目-在白宮場地前的網球場旁是圓柱。

圖片由Shutterstock提供。

FROM:https://www.dezeen.com/2020/12/21/trump-executive-order-beautiful-classical-architecture-news/