Space Needle 太空針塔
Space Needle ｜ 太空針塔
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Needle
Type：Observation tower
Location：400 Broad StreetSeattle, Washington 98109
Construction started：April 17, 1961
Completed：December 8, 1961
Opening：April 21, 1962
Architect：John Graham & Company
Main contractor：howard s. wright construction co
Structural engineer：John K. Minasian , Victor Steinbrueck
類型: 觀景台
地點: 400街西雅圖, 華盛頓 98109
建築啟動: 1961年4月17日
已完成: 1961年12月8日
開幕時間: 1962年4月21日
建築師: 約翰·格雷厄姆 &公司
主要承包商: howard s. wright 建築公司
結構工程師: john k. minasian, 維克多·斯坦布魯克
The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest and an icon of Seattle. It was built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 World’s Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors. Nearly 20,000 people a day used its elevators.
Once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, it is 605 ft (184 m) high, 138 ft (42 m) wide, and weighs 9,550 short tons (8,660 tonnes). It is built to withstand winds of up to 200 mph (320 km/h) and earthquakes of up to 9.0 magnitude, as strong as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake. It also has 25 lightning rods.
The Space Needle has an observation deck at 520 ft (160 m) and the rotating SkyCity restaurant at 500 ft (150 m). The downtown Seattle skyline, as well as the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay and surrounding islands can be viewed from the top of the Needle. Photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle prominently, above skyscrapers and Mount Rainier.
Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at 10 mph (16 km/h). The trip takes 41 seconds. On windy days, the elevators slow to 5 mph (8.0 km/h). On April 19, 1999, the city’s Landmarks Preservation Board designated it a historic landmark.
In September 2017, the restaurant was temporarily closed as part of a US$100 million renovation. The renovation included the installation of a new rotation motor and see-through glass floors in the restaurant, as well as the replacement of the observation deck’s wire enclosure with glass panels. As of November 2018, the restaurant is still closed with an announcement on its reopening date expected before January 2019.
In August 2018, it unveiled its latest addition: the world’s first and only revolving glass floor, known as “The Loupe.” Standing 500 feet — or 50 stories — above street level, the observation deck’s new see-through floor offers 360-degree views of the large city. The floor is powered by 12 motors and is constructed of 10 layers of tightly bonded glass to ensure safety.
太空針是位於華盛頓州西雅圖的一座觀測塔, 是西北太平洋的地標, 也是西雅圖的標誌。它是在西雅圖中心建立的1962年世界博覽會, 吸引了超過230萬遊客。每天有近2萬人使用它的電梯。
它曾經是密西西比河以西最高的建築, 高605英尺 (184 米), 寬138英尺 (42 米), 重達 9, 550 噸 (8 660 噸)。它的建造能夠承受高達每小時200英里 (320 公里) 的大風和高達9.0 的地震, 與1700卡斯卡迪亞地震一樣強烈。它也有25避雷針。
太空針有一個520英尺 (160 米) 的觀景台和500英尺 (150 米) 的旋轉天城餐廳。西雅圖市中心的天際線, 以及奧林匹克和喀斯喀特山脈, 雷尼爾山, 貝克山, 伊里亞德灣和周圍的島嶼可以從針頂部觀看。西雅圖天際線的照片經常顯示太空針突出, 在摩天大樓和雷尼爾山之上。
遊客可以乘坐每小時10英里 (16千米) 的電梯到達太空針的頂端。行程需要 4 1秒。在颳風的日子裡, 電梯慢到每小時5英里 (8.0 公里)。1999年4月19日, 該市地標保護委員會將其指定為歷史地標。
2017年9月, 作為1億美元裝修的一部分, 該餐廳暫時關閉。翻修工作包括在餐廳安裝新的旋轉電機和透明玻璃地板, 以及用玻璃面板更換觀景台的電線外殼。截至 2018年11月, 該餐廳仍處於關閉狀態, 預計將在2019年1月前宣佈重新開業日期。
2018年8月, 它公佈了最新的補充: 世界上第一個也是唯一的旋轉玻璃地板, 被稱為 “盧浮宮”。觀景台新的透明地板位於街道上方 5 0 0 英尺–也就是 5 0 層–, 可以360度看到大城市的景色。地板由12個電機供電, 由10層緊密粘合的玻璃製成, 以確保安全。
Architecture
The architecture of the Space Needle is the result of a compromise between the designs of two men, Edward E. Carlson and John Graham, Jr. The two leading ideas for the World Fair involved businessman Edward E. Carlson’s sketch of a giant balloon tethered to the ground (see the gently sloping base) and architect John Graham’s concept of a flying saucer (see the halo that houses the restaurant and observation deck). Victor Steinbrueck introduced the hourglass profile of the tower. The Space Needle was built to withstand wind speeds of 200 mph (320 km/h), double the requirements in the building code of 1962. The 6.8 Mw Nisqually earthquake jolted the Needle enough in 2001 for water to slosh out of the toilets in the restrooms. The Space Needle will not sustain serious structural damage during earthquakes of magnitudes below 9.1. Also made to withstand Category 5 hurricane-force winds, the Space Needle sways only 1 in (25 mm) per 10 mph (16 km/h) of wind speed.
For decades, the hovering disk of the Space Needle was home to 2 restaurants 500 ft (150 m) above the ground: the Space Needle Restaurant, which was originally named Eye of the Needle, and Emerald Suite. These were closed in 2000 to make way for SkyCity, a larger restaurant that features Pacific Northwest cuisine. It rotates 360 degrees in exactly forty-seven minutes. In 1993, the elevators were replaced with new computerized versions. The new elevators descend at a rate of 10 mph (16 km/h).
On December 31, 1999, a powerful beam of light was unveiled for the first time. Called the Legacy Light or Skybeam, it is powered by lamps that total 85 million candela shining skyward from the top of the Space Needle to honor national holidays and special occasions in Seattle. The concept of this beam was derived from the official 1962 World’s Fair poster, which depicted such a light source although none was incorporated into the original design. It is somewhat controversial because of the light pollution it creates. Originally planned to be turned on 75 nights per year, it has generally been used fewer than a dozen times per year. It did remain lit for eleven days in a row from September 11, 2001, to September 22, 2001, in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks.
A 1962 Seattle World’s Fair poster showed a grand spiral entryway leading to the elevator that was ultimately omitted from final building plans. The stairway was eventually added as part of the Pavilion and Spacebase remodel in June 2000. The main stairwell has 848 steps from the basement to the top of the observation deck. At approximately 605 ft (184 m), the Space Needle was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River at the time it was built by Howard S. Wright Construction Co., but is now dwarfed by other structures along the Seattle skyline, among them the Columbia Center, at 967 ft (295 m). Unlike many other similar structures, such as the CN Tower in Toronto, the Space Needle is not used for broadcasting purposes.
建築
太空針塔的設計是經過很長時間的討論才有定案的。當時主要有兩種設計構思，第一種是由世界博覽會參展商愛德華·卡爾森（Edward Carlson）提出，造型是一個很大的氣球連繫著地面; 第二個是建築師約翰·格雷厄姆（John Graham）提出的「飛碟」。儘管愛德華和約翰的設計都贏得口碑，但太空針塔其實最終是由維克多·斯坦布魯克（Victor Steinbrueck）設計的。太空針塔的設計能夠抵禦不超過9級的地震（但實際是否如此仍不能確定，因為1965年的一次6.8級地震使塔身發生較為劇烈的搖晃，廁所發生漏水情況）。此外，太空針塔也可以很好地承受強風的襲擊。
塔頂的餐廳是旋轉式的，可以讓遊客在47分鐘內360度地觀賞西雅圖的景觀。1993年，塔上的升降機被更換，時速提高到16公里。
1999年12月31日除夕夜，太空針塔塔頂被設置了一盞名為「天空之燈」的超強光束。該光束的亮度相當於85萬坎德拉，使得整個西雅圖市區的上空變得十分明亮。該光束一般只會在一些特別節日才會亮起。該光束的構思是來自於1962年世界博覽會的海報，因為海報上描畫了類似的光束。由於亮度過高，該光束造成了光害，這很快引來一些專業人士（特別是天文學家）的批評。原本打算將該光束一年點亮75次，最後一年也未超過12次。911事件後，該光束持續亮起了12日以示哀悼。最初建造完成的一段時間裡，184米高的太空針塔曾是密西西比河以西最高的建築物，但現在早已不再如此，相比起市中心的的許多建築物（其中最高的是284米高的哥倫比亞中心），太空針塔已相對變矮。
History
Construction
Edward F. Carlson, chairman of the 1962 World’s Fair in Seattle, had an idea for erecting a tower with a restaurant at the World’s Fair. Carlson was president of a hotel company and was not recognized in art or design, but he was inspired by a recent visit to the Stuttgart Tower of Germany. Local architect John Graham soon became involved as a result of his success in designing Northgate Mall. Graham’s first move was to alter the restaurant’s original design to a revolving restaurant, similar to his previous design of the La Ronde tower restaurant at the Ala Moana Shopping Center in Hawaii.
Space Needle and various buildings for the Seattle World’s Fair under construction – 1961.
The proposed Space Needle had no pre-selected site. Since it was not financed by the city, land had to be purchased within the fairgrounds. The investors had been unable to find suitable land and the search for a site was nearly dead when, in 1961, they discovered a plot, 120 by 120 ft (37 by 37 m), containing switching equipment for the fire and police alarm systems. The land sold for $75,000. At this point, only one year remained before the World’s Fair would begin. The Needle was privately financed and built by the Pentagram Corporation, consisting of Bagley Wright, contractor Howard S. Wright, architect John Graham, Ned Skinner, and Norton Clapp. In 1977 Bagley, Skinner and Clapp sold their interest to Howard Wright who now controls it under the name of Space Needle Corporation.
The earthquake stability of the Space Needle was ensured when a hole was dug 30 ft (9.1 m) deep and 120 ft (37 m) across, and 467 concrete trucks took one full day to fill it. The foundation weighs 5850 tons (including 250 tons of reinforcing steel), the same as the above-ground structure. The structure is bolted to the foundation with 72 bolts, each one 30 ft (9.1 m) long.
Space Needle and Alweg Monorail built for the Century 21 Exposition both under construction in December 1961
With time an issue, the construction team worked around the clock. The domed top, housing the top five levels (including the restaurants and observation deck), was perfectly balanced so that the restaurant could rotate with the help of one tiny electric motor, originally 0.8 kilowatts (1.1 hp), later replaced with a 1.1 kilowatts (1.5 hp) motor. With paint colors named Orbital Olive for the body, Astronaut White for the legs, Re-entry Red for the saucer, and Galaxy Gold for the roof, the Space Needle was finished in less than one year. It was completed in April 1962 at a cost of $4.5 million. The last elevator car was installed the day before the Fair opened on April 21. During the course of the Fair nearly 20,000 people a day rode the elevators to the Observation Deck. The 20,000 mark was never reached, missed by fewer than 50 people one day. Upon completion, the Space Needle was the tallest building in the western United States, replacing the Smith Tower in downtown Seattle as the tallest building west of the Mississippi since 1914.
Seattle’s Space Needle
From：DaDailyBread
歷史
建設
太空針塔最初的設計構想是由伯蘭登（Brendan J. Cysewski）在西雅圖的一間咖啡廳提出，當時他稱其為「太空籠」，這份設計的初稿一直存放於那咖啡室內，直至愛德華·卡爾森（Edward Carlson）見到。愛德華是一間酒店公司的老闆，他本人對藝術設計幾乎毫無認識，但他在德國遊覽時，見到造型獨特的斯圖加特電視塔（德語：Stuttgarter Fernsehturm）而產生靈感，他也知道1962年世界博覽會的主題是「廿一世紀」，因此設計了一個外觀狀似氣球的建築物，但之後他很快遇到了結構上的問題從而停止。
此時，約翰·格雷厄姆（John Graham）開始參與了太空針塔的設計。約翰是一位知名的建築師，他曾設計過世界上第一座購物中心—西雅圖北門購物中心。在太空針塔的設計方面，他放棄了氣球的設計，改為飛碟設計，接著他和他旗下12個建築師一起討論和研究，到博覽會開幕前十八個月才有最終的設計定案。之後他們開始尋找適合建造該塔的土地，根據設計規模，太空針塔占地約1369平方米（37米×37米）。而在1961年，該等大小的土地的價格約為75000美元，這在當時是較為昂貴的。而市政府在財政上不支持他們，並只允許他們建在博覽會區的範圍內，由於資金不足，又缺乏地皮，工作不得不暫停。此時距離開幕還有一年時間。
此塔建築在一個約1600平方米大小、10米深的地基上，澆注混凝土的工程花費了一天的時間。這可能是美國西部史上最大規模的混凝土澆注工程，該地基約有6000噸重，且有大約250噸的精鋼埋在地基裡。
工程隊伍日夜趕工，最頂的五層也順地的建成，且十分水平，使得塔上的旋轉餐廳能使用小型電動機來做到旋轉的效果，升降機也於開幕前的一天安裝完畢。 塔的觀光層塗上了名為「Orbital Olive」的油漆。塔身為白色，入口為紅色，塔頂為金色。1962年4月，太空針塔完工，整座太空針塔工程時間略少於一年，工程費用約450萬美元。
在博覽會其期間，每日差不多有兩萬人登上太空針塔，但始終未超過兩萬。
在1982年，太空針塔又增加一層。這一層原本就在當初的設計方案中，但由於技術問題，建成20年後才被正式添加。該層最多可容納360人。
在1987年7月，太空針塔向西南「移動」了95米，所謂的移動，只是在地圖上的位置修正而已。因為美國國家海洋和大氣管理局開始了為期十年的衛星繪畫地圖計劃，即是利用衛星圖片才修正地圖，像太空針塔這些地標性建築一般都會優先被更新。
在2000年，太空針塔進行了維修工程，該工程的費用為建築費用的五倍（2100萬美元）。
Seattle’s Space Needle renovation project construction update from 500ft in the air
From：GeekWire
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Space Needle ｜ 太空針塔
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Needle
Type：Observation tower
Location：400 Broad StreetSeattle, Washington 98109
Construction started：April 17, 1961
Completed：December 8, 1961
Opening：April 21, 1962
Architect：John Graham & Company
Main contractor：howard s. wright construction co
Structural engineer：John K. Minasian , Victor Steinbrueck
類型: 觀景台
地點: 400街西雅圖, 華盛頓 98109
建築啟動: 1961年4月17日
已完成: 1961年12月8日
開幕時間: 1962年4月21日
建築師: 約翰·格雷厄姆 &公司
主要承包商: howard s. wright 建築公司
結構工程師: john k. minasian, 維克多·斯坦布魯克
The Space Needle is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific Northwest and an icon of Seattle. It was built in the Seattle Center for the 1962 World’s Fair, which drew over 2.3 million visitors. Nearly 20,000 people a day used its elevators.
Once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, it is 605 ft (184 m) high, 138 ft (42 m) wide, and weighs 9,550 short tons (8,660 tonnes). It is built to withstand winds of up to 200 mph (320 km/h) and earthquakes of up to 9.0 magnitude, as strong as the 1700 Cascadia earthquake. It also has 25 lightning rods.
The Space Needle has an observation deck at 520 ft (160 m) and the rotating SkyCity restaurant at 500 ft (150 m). The downtown Seattle skyline, as well as the Olympic and Cascade Mountains, Mount Rainier, Mount Baker, Elliott Bay and surrounding islands can be viewed from the top of the Needle. Photographs of the Seattle skyline often show the Space Needle prominently, above skyscrapers and Mount Rainier.
Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by elevators that travel at 10 mph (16 km/h). The trip takes 41 seconds. On windy days, the elevators slow to 5 mph (8.0 km/h). On April 19, 1999, the city’s Landmarks Preservation Board designated it a historic landmark.
In September 2017, the restaurant was temporarily closed as part of a US$100 million renovation. The renovation included the installation of a new rotation motor and see-through glass floors in the restaurant, as well as the replacement of the observation deck’s wire enclosure with glass panels. As of November 2018, the restaurant is still closed with an announcement on its reopening date expected before January 2019.
In August 2018, it unveiled its latest addition: the world’s first and only revolving glass floor, known as “The Loupe.” Standing 500 feet — or 50 stories — above street level, the observation deck’s new see-through floor offers 360-degree views of the large city. The floor is powered by 12 motors and is constructed of 10 layers of tightly bonded glass to ensure safety.
太空針是位於華盛頓州西雅圖的一座觀測塔, 是西北太平洋的地標, 也是西雅圖的標誌。它是在西雅圖中心建立的1962年世界博覽會, 吸引了超過230萬遊客。每天有近2萬人使用它的電梯。
它曾經是密西西比河以西最高的建築, 高605英尺 (184 米), 寬138英尺 (42 米), 重達 9, 550 噸 (8 660 噸)。它的建造能夠承受高達每小時200英里 (320 公里) 的大風和高達9.0 的地震, 與1700卡斯卡迪亞地震一樣強烈。它也有25避雷針。
太空針有一個520英尺 (160 米) 的觀景台和500英尺 (150 米) 的旋轉天城餐廳。西雅圖市中心的天際線, 以及奧林匹克和喀斯喀特山脈, 雷尼爾山, 貝克山, 伊里亞德灣和周圍的島嶼可以從針頂部觀看。西雅圖天際線的照片經常顯示太空針突出, 在摩天大樓和雷尼爾山之上。
遊客可以乘坐每小時10英里 (16千米) 的電梯到達太空針的頂端。行程需要 4 1秒。在颳風的日子裡, 電梯慢到每小時5英里 (8.0 公里)。1999年4月19日, 該市地標保護委員會將其指定為歷史地標。
2017年9月, 作為1億美元裝修的一部分, 該餐廳暫時關閉。翻修工作包括在餐廳安裝新的旋轉電機和透明玻璃地板, 以及用玻璃面板更換觀景台的電線外殼。截至 2018年11月, 該餐廳仍處於關閉狀態, 預計將在2019年1月前宣佈重新開業日期。
2018年8月, 它公佈了最新的補充: 世界上第一個也是唯一的旋轉玻璃地板, 被稱為 “盧浮宮”。觀景台新的透明地板位於街道上方 5 0 0 英尺–也就是 5 0 層–, 可以360度看到大城市的景色。地板由12個電機供電, 由10層緊密粘合的玻璃製成, 以確保安全。
Architecture
The architecture of the Space Needle is the result of a compromise between the designs of two men, Edward E. Carlson and John Graham, Jr. The two leading ideas for the World Fair involved businessman Edward E. Carlson’s sketch of a giant balloon tethered to the ground (see the gently sloping base) and architect John Graham’s concept of a flying saucer (see the halo that houses the restaurant and observation deck). Victor Steinbrueck introduced the hourglass profile of the tower. The Space Needle was built to withstand wind speeds of 200 mph (320 km/h), double the requirements in the building code of 1962. The 6.8 Mw Nisqually earthquake jolted the Needle enough in 2001 for water to slosh out of the toilets in the restrooms. The Space Needle will not sustain serious structural damage during earthquakes of magnitudes below 9.1. Also made to withstand Category 5 hurricane-force winds, the Space Needle sways only 1 in (25 mm) per 10 mph (16 km/h) of wind speed.
For decades, the hovering disk of the Space Needle was home to 2 restaurants 500 ft (150 m) above the ground: the Space Needle Restaurant, which was originally named Eye of the Needle, and Emerald Suite. These were closed in 2000 to make way for SkyCity, a larger restaurant that features Pacific Northwest cuisine. It rotates 360 degrees in exactly forty-seven minutes. In 1993, the elevators were replaced with new computerized versions. The new elevators descend at a rate of 10 mph (16 km/h).
On December 31, 1999, a powerful beam of light was unveiled for the first time. Called the Legacy Light or Skybeam, it is powered by lamps that total 85 million candela shining skyward from the top of the Space Needle to honor national holidays and special occasions in Seattle. The concept of this beam was derived from the official 1962 World’s Fair poster, which depicted such a light source although none was incorporated into the original design. It is somewhat controversial because of the light pollution it creates. Originally planned to be turned on 75 nights per year, it has generally been used fewer than a dozen times per year. It did remain lit for eleven days in a row from September 11, 2001, to September 22, 2001, in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks.
A 1962 Seattle World’s Fair poster showed a grand spiral entryway leading to the elevator that was ultimately omitted from final building plans. The stairway was eventually added as part of the Pavilion and Spacebase remodel in June 2000. The main stairwell has 848 steps from the basement to the top of the observation deck. At approximately 605 ft (184 m), the Space Needle was the tallest building west of the Mississippi River at the time it was built by Howard S. Wright Construction Co., but is now dwarfed by other structures along the Seattle skyline, among them the Columbia Center, at 967 ft (295 m). Unlike many other similar structures, such as the CN Tower in Toronto, the Space Needle is not used for broadcasting purposes.
建築
太空針塔的設計是經過很長時間的討論才有定案的。當時主要有兩種設計構思，第一種是由世界博覽會參展商愛德華·卡爾森（Edward Carlson）提出，造型是一個很大的氣球連繫著地面; 第二個是建築師約翰·格雷厄姆（John Graham）提出的「飛碟」。儘管愛德華和約翰的設計都贏得口碑，但太空針塔其實最終是由維克多·斯坦布魯克（Victor Steinbrueck）設計的。太空針塔的設計能夠抵禦不超過9級的地震（但實際是否如此仍不能確定，因為1965年的一次6.8級地震使塔身發生較為劇烈的搖晃，廁所發生漏水情況）。此外，太空針塔也可以很好地承受強風的襲擊。
塔頂的餐廳是旋轉式的，可以讓遊客在47分鐘內360度地觀賞西雅圖的景觀。1993年，塔上的升降機被更換，時速提高到16公里。
1999年12月31日除夕夜，太空針塔塔頂被設置了一盞名為「天空之燈」的超強光束。該光束的亮度相當於85萬坎德拉，使得整個西雅圖市區的上空變得十分明亮。該光束一般只會在一些特別節日才會亮起。該光束的構思是來自於1962年世界博覽會的海報，因為海報上描畫了類似的光束。由於亮度過高，該光束造成了光害，這很快引來一些專業人士（特別是天文學家）的批評。原本打算將該光束一年點亮75次，最後一年也未超過12次。911事件後，該光束持續亮起了12日以示哀悼。最初建造完成的一段時間裡，184米高的太空針塔曾是密西西比河以西最高的建築物，但現在早已不再如此，相比起市中心的的許多建築物（其中最高的是284米高的哥倫比亞中心），太空針塔已相對變矮。
History
Construction
Edward F. Carlson, chairman of the 1962 World’s Fair in Seattle, had an idea for erecting a tower with a restaurant at the World’s Fair. Carlson was president of a hotel company and was not recognized in art or design, but he was inspired by a recent visit to the Stuttgart Tower of Germany. Local architect John Graham soon became involved as a result of his success in designing Northgate Mall. Graham’s first move was to alter the restaurant’s original design to a revolving restaurant, similar to his previous design of the La Ronde tower restaurant at the Ala Moana Shopping Center in Hawaii.
Space Needle and various buildings for the Seattle World’s Fair under construction – 1961.
The proposed Space Needle had no pre-selected site. Since it was not financed by the city, land had to be purchased within the fairgrounds. The investors had been unable to find suitable land and the search for a site was nearly dead when, in 1961, they discovered a plot, 120 by 120 ft (37 by 37 m), containing switching equipment for the fire and police alarm systems. The land sold for $75,000. At this point, only one year remained before the World’s Fair would begin. The Needle was privately financed and built by the Pentagram Corporation, consisting of Bagley Wright, contractor Howard S. Wright, architect John Graham, Ned Skinner, and Norton Clapp. In 1977 Bagley, Skinner and Clapp sold their interest to Howard Wright who now controls it under the name of Space Needle Corporation.
The earthquake stability of the Space Needle was ensured when a hole was dug 30 ft (9.1 m) deep and 120 ft (37 m) across, and 467 concrete trucks took one full day to fill it. The foundation weighs 5850 tons (including 250 tons of reinforcing steel), the same as the above-ground structure. The structure is bolted to the foundation with 72 bolts, each one 30 ft (9.1 m) long.
Space Needle and Alweg Monorail built for the Century 21 Exposition both under construction in December 1961
With time an issue, the construction team worked around the clock. The domed top, housing the top five levels (including the restaurants and observation deck), was perfectly balanced so that the restaurant could rotate with the help of one tiny electric motor, originally 0.8 kilowatts (1.1 hp), later replaced with a 1.1 kilowatts (1.5 hp) motor. With paint colors named Orbital Olive for the body, Astronaut White for the legs, Re-entry Red for the saucer, and Galaxy Gold for the roof, the Space Needle was finished in less than one year. It was completed in April 1962 at a cost of $4.5 million. The last elevator car was installed the day before the Fair opened on April 21. During the course of the Fair nearly 20,000 people a day rode the elevators to the Observation Deck. The 20,000 mark was never reached, missed by fewer than 50 people one day. Upon completion, the Space Needle was the tallest building in the western United States, replacing the Smith Tower in downtown Seattle as the tallest building west of the Mississippi since 1914.
Seattle’s Space Needle
From：DaDailyBread
歷史
建設
太空針塔最初的設計構想是由伯蘭登（Brendan J. Cysewski）在西雅圖的一間咖啡廳提出，當時他稱其為「太空籠」，這份設計的初稿一直存放於那咖啡室內，直至愛德華·卡爾森（Edward Carlson）見到。愛德華是一間酒店公司的老闆，他本人對藝術設計幾乎毫無認識，但他在德國遊覽時，見到造型獨特的斯圖加特電視塔（德語：Stuttgarter Fernsehturm）而產生靈感，他也知道1962年世界博覽會的主題是「廿一世紀」，因此設計了一個外觀狀似氣球的建築物，但之後他很快遇到了結構上的問題從而停止。
此時，約翰·格雷厄姆（John Graham）開始參與了太空針塔的設計。約翰是一位知名的建築師，他曾設計過世界上第一座購物中心—西雅圖北門購物中心。在太空針塔的設計方面，他放棄了氣球的設計，改為飛碟設計，接著他和他旗下12個建築師一起討論和研究，到博覽會開幕前十八個月才有最終的設計定案。之後他們開始尋找適合建造該塔的土地，根據設計規模，太空針塔占地約1369平方米（37米×37米）。而在1961年，該等大小的土地的價格約為75000美元，這在當時是較為昂貴的。而市政府在財政上不支持他們，並只允許他們建在博覽會區的範圍內，由於資金不足，又缺乏地皮，工作不得不暫停。此時距離開幕還有一年時間。
此塔建築在一個約1600平方米大小、10米深的地基上，澆注混凝土的工程花費了一天的時間。這可能是美國西部史上最大規模的混凝土澆注工程，該地基約有6000噸重，且有大約250噸的精鋼埋在地基裡。
工程隊伍日夜趕工，最頂的五層也順地的建成，且十分水平，使得塔上的旋轉餐廳能使用小型電動機來做到旋轉的效果，升降機也於開幕前的一天安裝完畢。 塔的觀光層塗上了名為「Orbital Olive」的油漆。塔身為白色，入口為紅色，塔頂為金色。1962年4月，太空針塔完工，整座太空針塔工程時間略少於一年，工程費用約450萬美元。
在博覽會其期間，每日差不多有兩萬人登上太空針塔，但始終未超過兩萬。
在1982年，太空針塔又增加一層。這一層原本就在當初的設計方案中，但由於技術問題，建成20年後才被正式添加。該層最多可容納360人。
在1987年7月，太空針塔向西南「移動」了95米，所謂的移動，只是在地圖上的位置修正而已。因為美國國家海洋和大氣管理局開始了為期十年的衛星繪畫地圖計劃，即是利用衛星圖片才修正地圖，像太空針塔這些地標性建築一般都會優先被更新。
在2000年，太空針塔進行了維修工程，該工程的費用為建築費用的五倍（2100萬美元）。
Seattle’s Space Needle renovation project construction update from 500ft in the air
From：GeekWire
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