Architects: Zaha Hadid Architects
Area: 1000 m²
Year: 2015
Photographs: inexhibit.com, Werner Huthmacher , Luke Hayes
Manufacturers: GIRA, Ideal Work, Zumtobel
建築師：Zaha Hadid建築師
面積：1000平方米
年：2015
照片：inexhibit.com，Werner Huthmacher和Luke Hayes
製造商：GIRA，Ideal Work，Zumtobel
Embedded within the summit of Mount Kronplatz, 2,275m above sea level at the centre South Tyrol’s most popular ski resort, the Messner Mountain Museum Corones is surrounded by the alpine peaks of the Zillertal, Ortler and Dolomites. Established by renowned climber Reinhold Messner, the sixth and final Messner Mountain Museum explores the traditions, history and discipline of mountaineering.
梅斯納山博物館科隆內斯博物館（Messner Mountain Museum Corones）嵌入在南蒂羅爾州最受歡迎的滑雪勝地海拔2275 m的克倫普拉茨山（Mount Kronplatz）山頂內，被齊勒河谷（Zillertal），奧爾特勒（Ortler）和白雲巖（Dolomites）的高山峰環繞。 第六個也是最後一個由梅斯納爾登山家雷因霍爾德·梅斯納爾（Reinhold Messner）建立的博物館，探討了登山的傳統，歷史和紀律。
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Messner, the first person to climb all 14 mountains around the world over 8,000 meters, and the first to climb Mount Everest without the aid of tanked oxygen, conveys his vision for the MMM Corones: “Kronplatz offers views beyond the borders of South Tyrol to all points of the compass: from the Lienz Dolomites in the east to the Ortler in the west, from the Marmolada Glacier in the south to the Zillertal Alps in the north. The museum is a mirror of the world of my childhood – the Geislerspitzen, the central buttress of the Heiligkreuzkofel (the most difficult climb in my whole life) and the glaciated granite mountains of the Ahrn Valley. On Kronplatz I present the development of modern mountaineering and 250 years of progress with regard to the equipment. I speak of triumphs and tragedies on the world’s most famous peaks – the Matterhorn, Cerro Torre, K2, and shed light on alpinism with the help of relics, thoughts, works of art and by reflecting the outside mountain backcloth in the interior of MMM Corones.”
梅斯納（Messner）是世界上第一個爬山超過8000米的14個山峰的人，也是第一個不用氧氣罐就能攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的人，他對MMM Corones的願景傳達了自己的看法：指南針的所有點：從東部的Lienz Dolomites到西部的Ortler，從南部的Marmolada冰川到北部的Zillertal阿爾卑斯山。博物館是我童年世界的一面鏡子-Geislerspitzen，Heiligkreuzkofel（我一生中最艱難的攀登）的中央支柱和Ahrn谷的冰川花崗岩山。在Kronplatz上，我將介紹現代登山運動的發展以及在設備方面250年的進步。我講的是世界上最著名的山峰–馬特宏峰，塞羅·托雷，K2的勝利和悲劇，並藉助文物，思想，藝術作品並通過在MMM Corones內部反射外部的山back來闡明登山。”
Zaha Hadid explains the concept of the design: “The idea is that visitors can descend within the mountain to explore its caverns and grottos, before emerging through the mountain wall on the other side, out onto the terrace overhanging the valley far below with spectacular, panoramic views.”
扎哈·哈迪德（Zaha Hadid）解釋了該設計的概念：“這個想法是，遊客可以跌入山中探索洞穴和洞穴，然後穿過另一側的山牆出現，直達懸於山谷下方的露台，景色壯觀， 全景。”
In 2003, the Concordia 2000 Peace Bell was the first cultural installation to join the sports and recreational amenities at the summit of Mount Kronplatz, which include facilities for hang-gliding and paragliding, the Kron and Gipfel Restaurants, a replica of a Native American settlement, as well as the summit stations of the Kronplatz 2000 cable-car to Riscone/Reischach, the Olang cable- car to Valdaora, and the Ruis cable-car to San Vigilio. The Mountain Museum will welcome visitors throughout the year to explore Messner’s world where humanity is pushed to its limits, adding a further cultural and educational institution to Mount Kronplatz.
2003年，Concordia 2000 Peace Bell是第一個在Kronplatz山峰上加入體育和休閒設施的文化裝置，包括懸掛式滑翔和滑翔傘設施，Kron and Gipfel餐廳，這是美國原住民定居點的複製品 ，以及前往Riscone / Reischach的Kronplatz 2000纜車的峰頂站，前往Valdaora的Olang纜車和前往San Vigilio的Ruis纜車。 山區博物館全年將歡迎遊客參觀探索梅斯納的世界，在這個世界中，人類被推向了極限，為克朗普拉茨山增添了更多的文化和教育機構。
Reinhold Messner’s vision for a museum of submerged into the peak of Mount Kronplatz detailed three very specific locations of where the museum should emerge from ground: “In the first, a window looking out southwest to the peak of the Peitlerkofel mountain, in the second, another window should look south toward the Heiligkreuzkofel peak, in the third, a balcony should face west to the Ortler and South Tyrol.”
萊因霍爾德·梅斯納（Reinhold Messner）對淹沒在克朗普拉斯山山頂的博物館的願景詳細描述了博物館應該從地面出現的三個非常具體的位置：“第一，向西南看Peitlerkofel山峰的窗戶，第二， 另一個窗口應向南，朝向Heiligkreuzkofel峰，第三個窗口應向西面向Ortler和South Tyrol。
Informed by the shards of rock and ice of the surrounding landscape, concrete canopies have been cast in-situ and rise from the ground to protect the museum’s entrance, viewing windows and terrace.
受到周圍景觀的岩石和冰塊的影響，混凝土簷篷被現場澆鑄並從地面升起，以保護博物館的入口，窗戶和露台。
Reflecting the lighter colours and tones of the jagged limestone peaks of the surrounding Dolomites, the exterior panels are formed from a lighter shade of glass-reinforced fibre concrete and fold within the museum to meet the darker interior panels that have the luster and colouration of anthracite found deep below the surface.
外牆板由淺色的玻璃纖維混凝土製成，並在博物館內折疊，反映出周圍白雲石鋸齒狀石灰岩峰的較淺顏色和色調，並在博物館內折疊以適應具有無菸煤色澤和著色的較暗內牆板。 發現在表面深處。
A series of staircases, like waterfalls in a mountain stream, cascade through the museum to connect the exhibition spaces and describe visitors’ circulation over three levels. At the lowest level, visitors pass the viewing windows as they traverse through the galleries to emerge out onto the terrace that projects 6m from the mountainside giving a 240 degree panorama across the Alps.
一系列階梯，如山間瀑布，通過博物館級聯連接展覽空間，並描述遊客在三個層面上的流通。 在最低層，參觀者穿過畫廊時穿過觀察窗，露出從山腰伸出6m的露台，從而在整個阿爾卑斯山上獲得240度全景。
At 1,000 square meters, the museum is arranged over several levels to reduce its footprint. During construction, 4,000 cubic meters (140,000 cubic feet) of earth and rock was excavated and then replaced above and around the completed structure – immersing the museum within Mount Kronplatz and helping to maintain a more constant internal temperature. The wide windows allow natural light to penetrate deep within the museum, drawing visitors forward through the interior to the panoramic windows and viewing terrace cantilevered over the valley far below.
博物館面積為1,000平方米，分為多層，以減少佔地面積。 在施工過程中，挖出了4,000立方米（140,000立方英尺）的土石，然後在完成的結構上方和周圍進行了替換-將博物館浸入Kronplatz山中，並有助於保持內部溫度保持恆定。 寬大的窗戶可以讓自然光穿透博物館內部，吸引遊客穿過內部進入全景窗戶，並欣賞懸在遠處山谷下方的懸臂露台。
Constructed from in-situ reinforced concrete, the museum‘s structure has walls between 40-50cm, while its roof supporting the replaced earth and rock that embeds the museum into the mountain, is up to 70cm thick.
博物館的結構是用現澆鋼筋混凝土建造的，牆壁的長度在40至50厘米之間，而屋頂的頂棚支撐著置換後的泥土和岩石，將博物館嵌入山中，厚達70厘米。
The majority of the museum’s exterior and interior panels are also made from in-situ concrete, with a formwork of tapered surfaces used to generate the peaks and abutments of the exterior panels that convey the rock and ice formations of the surrounding landscape. Almost 400 internal and external panels were prefabricated, with the more complex curved elements created in a process of spraying layers of high-performance fibre-concrete into moulds carved from CNC-milled foam using the architect‘s 3D model.
博物館的大部分外牆和內牆板也是用現澆混凝土製成的，帶有錐形表面的模板用於生成外牆板的峰頂和基台，從而傳達周圍景觀的岩石和冰層。 預製了將近400個內部和外部面板，並使用建築師的3D模型將高性能纖維混凝土層噴塗到用CNC銑削泡沫雕刻而成的模具中，從而製作出了更為複雜的彎曲元件。
A scaffold of steel sections with adjustable brackets to offset tolerances forms the museum’s substructure. Counter-plates for the connecting brackets are laminated directly within each panel during the prefabrication process.
帶有可調節托架的鋼製腳手架可抵消公差，形成了博物館的下部結構。 在預製過程中，用於連接支架的對面板直接層壓在每個面板內。
FROM:https://www.archdaily.com/771273/messner-mountain-museum-corones-zaha-hadid-architects
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