Metropolitan Museum of Art 大都會藝術博物館
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially “the Met”, is the largest art museum in the United States. With 7.3 million visitors to its three locations in 2016, it was the fourth most visited art museum in the world, and the fifth most visited museum of any kind. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among seventeen curatorial departments. The main building, on the eastern edge of Central Park along Museum Mile in Manhattan ‘s Upper East Side is by area one of the world’s largest art galleries. A much smaller second location, The Cloisters at Fort Tryon Park in Upper Manhattan, contains an extensive collection of art, architecture, and artifacts from Medieval Europe. On March 18, 2016, the museum opened the Met Breuer museum at Madison Avenue on the Upper East Side; it extends the museum’s modern and contemporary art program.
The permanent collection consists of works of art from classical antiquity and ancient Egypt, paintings, and sculptures from nearly all the European masters, and an extensive collection of American and modern art. The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine, and Islamic art. The museum is home to encyclopedic collections of musical instruments, costumes, and accessories, as well as antique weapons and armor from around the world. Several notable interiors, ranging from 1st-century Rome through modern American design, are installed in its galleries.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870 for the purposes of opening a museum to bring art and art education to the American people. It opened on February 20, 1872, and was originally located at 681 Fifth Avenue.
紐約大都會藝術博物館，俗稱“大都會”，是美國最大的藝術博物館。 2016年，它在三個地點擁有730萬遊客，是世界上訪問量第四大的藝術博物館，也是歷史上第五大參觀博物館。它的永久藏品包含超過200萬件作品，分為十七個策展部門。主樓位於曼哈頓上東區博物館大道中央公園的東部邊緣，是世界上最大的藝術畫廊之一。位於曼哈頓上城的Fort Tryon公園的The Cloisters是一個小得多的第二個位置，包含來自中世紀歐洲的大量藝術，建築和文物。 2016年3月18日，博物館在上東區的麥迪遜大道開設了Met Breuer博物館;它擴展了博物館的現代和當代藝術計劃。
永久收藏品包括古典古代和古埃及的藝術作品，幾乎所有歐洲大師的繪畫和雕塑，以及豐富的美國和現代藝術品。大都會保留了大量非洲，亞洲，大洋洲，拜占庭和伊斯蘭藝術品。博物館裡有各種各樣的樂器，服裝和配飾，以及來自世界各地的古董武器和盔甲。幾個著名的室內設計，從1世紀的羅馬到現代美國設計，都安裝在其畫廊中。
大都會藝術博物館成立於1870年，旨在開設博物館，為美國人民帶來藝術和藝術教育。它於1872年2月20日開放，最初位於第五大道681號。
Established:April 13, 1870; 148 years ago
Location:1000 Fifth Avenue
New York, NY 10028
Coordinates:40.7794°N 73.9631°WCoordinates: 40.7794°N 73.9631°W
Visitors:6,692,909 (2017)
Director Max Hollein
Public transit access: Subway: “4” train ”5″ train ”6″ train “6” express train at 86th Street
“6” train “6” express train at 77th Street
Bus: M1, M2, M3, M4, M79, M86 SBS
成立時間：1870年4月13日; 148年前
地點：第五大道1000號
紐約，紐約州10028
坐標：40.7794°N 73.9631°W坐標：40.7794°N 73.9631°W
參觀者：6,692,909（2017）
Max Hollein主任
公共交通：地鐵：“4”火車“5”火車“6”火車“6”特快列車在第86街
在第77街的“6”火車“6”特快列車
總線：M1，M2，M3，M4，M79，M86 SBS
Architecture
After negotiations with the City of New York in 1871, the Met was granted the land between the East Park Drive, Fifth Avenue, and the 79th and 85th Street Transverse Roads in Central Park. A red-brick and stone “mausoleum” was designed by American architect Calvert Vaux and his collaborator Jacob Wrey Mould. Vaux’s ambitious building was not well received; the building’s High Victorian Gothic style being considered already dated prior to completion, and the president of the Met termed the project “a mistake”.
Within 20 years, a new architectural plan engulfing the Vaux building was already being executed. Since that time, many additions have been made including the distinctive Beaux-Arts Fifth Avenue facade, Great Hall, and Grand Stairway. These were designed by architect and Met trustee Richard Morris Hunt, but completed by his son, Richard Howland Hunt in 1902 after his father’s death. The architectural sculpture on the facade is by Karl Bitter.
The wings that completed the Fifth Avenue facade in the 1910s were designed by the firm of McKim, Mead & White. The modernistic glass sides and rear of the museum are the work of Roche-Dinkeloo. Kevin Roche has been the architect for the master plan and expansion of the museum for the past 42 years. He is responsible for designing all of its new wings and renovations including but not limited to the American Wing, Greek and Roman Court, and recently opened Islamic Wing.
As of 2010, the Met measures almost 1⁄4-mile (400 m) long and with more than 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of floor space, more than 20 times the size of the original 1880 building. The museum building is an accretion of over 20 structures, most of which are not visible from the exterior. The City of New York owns the museum building and contributes utilities, heat, and some of the cost of guardianship. The Charles Engelhard Court of the American Wing features the facade of the Branch Bank of the United States, a Wall Street bank that was facing demolition in 1913.
The museum’s main building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986, recognizing both its monumental architecture, and its importance as a cultural institution.
建築
在1871年與紐約市進行談判之後，大都會被授予東公園大道，第五大道和中央公園第79街和第85街橫向道路之間的土地。紅磚和石頭“陵墓”由美國建築師Calvert Vaux和他的合作者Jacob Wrey Mold設計。 Vaux雄心勃勃的建築並未受到歡迎;該建築的高維多利亞哥特式風格在完工之前已經考慮過了，而大都會主席稱這個項目是“一個錯誤”。
在20年內，一個吞沒Vaux建築的新建築計劃已經在執行。從那時起，已經進行了許多新的改造，包括獨特的Beaux-Arts Fifth Avenue立面，大廳和Grand Stairway。這些是由建築師和Met受託人Richard Morris Hunt設計的，但是在父親去世後，他的兒子Richard Howland Hunt在1902年完成了這項工作。立面上的建築雕塑由Karl Bitter設計。
在20世紀10年代完成第五大道立面的機翼是由McKim，Mead＆White公司設計的。博物館的現代化玻璃側面和後面是Roche-Dinkeloo的作品。在過去的42年裡，Kevin Roche一直是博物館總體規劃和擴建的建築師。他負責設計所有新翼和裝修，包括但不限於美國翼，希臘和羅馬法院，以及最近開放的伊斯蘭翼。
截至2010年，Met的長度約為1/4英里（400米），佔地面積超過2,000,000平方英尺（190,000平方米），是原1880年建築面積的20多倍。博物館建築有20多個建築物，其中大部分都是從外部看不到的。紐約市擁有博物館建築，並提供公用設施，供暖和一些監護費用。美國聯邦的查爾斯恩格爾哈德法院擁有美國分行的門面，這是一家華爾街銀行，於1913年面臨拆遷。
該博物館的主樓於1986年被指定為國家歷史地標，既承認其巨大的建築風格，又承認其作為文化機構的重要性。
Roof garden
The Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Roof Garden is located on the roof near the southwestern corner of the museum. The garden’s cafe and bar is a popular museum spot during the mild-weathered months, especially on Friday and Saturday evenings when large crowds can lead to long lines at the elevators. The roof garden offers views of Central Park and the Manhattan skyline. The garden is the gift of philanthropists Iris and B. Gerald Cantor, founder and chairman of securities firm Cantor Fitzgerald. The garden was opened to the public on August 1, 1987.
Every summer since 1998 the roof garden has hosted a single-artist exhibition. The artists have been: Ellsworth Kelly (1998), Magdalena Abakanowicz (1999), David Smith (2000), Joel Shapiro (2001), Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen (2002), Roy Lichtenstein (2003), Andy Goldsworthy (2004), Sol LeWitt (2005), Cai Guo-Qiang (2006), Frank Stella (2007), Jeff Koons (2008), Roxy Paine (2009) and Big Bambú by Doug and Mike Starn (2010).
The roof garden has views of the Manhattan skyline from a vantage point high above Central Park. The views have been described as “the best in Manhattan.” Art critics have been known to complain that the view “distracts” from the art on exhibition. New York Times art critic Ken Johnson complains that the “breathtaking, panoramic views of Central Park and the Manhattan skyline” creates “an inhospitable site for sculpture” that “discourages careful, contemplative looking.” Writer Mindy Aloff describes the roof garden as “the loveliest airborne space I know of in New York.” The cafe and bar in this garden are considered romantic by many.
屋頂花園
Iris和B. Gerald Cantor屋頂花園位於博物館西南角附近的屋頂上。在溫和風化的月份，花園的咖啡館和酒吧是一個受歡迎的博物館景點，特別是在周五和周六晚上，大量人群可以在電梯上排長隊。屋頂花園享有中央公園和曼哈頓天際線的景緻。花園是慈善家Iris和證券公司Cantor Fitzgerald創始人兼董事長Gerald Cantor的禮物。花園於1987年8月1日向公眾開放。
自1998年以來，每年夏天，屋頂花園都舉辦了一場單一的藝術家展覽。藝術家有：Ellsworth Kelly（1998），Magdalena Abakanowicz（1999），David Smith（2000），Joel Shapiro（2001），Claes Oldenburg和Coosje van Bruggen（2002），Roy Lichtenstein（2003），Andy Goldsworthy（2004） ，Sol LeWitt（2005），Cai Guo-Qiang（2006），Frank Stella（2007），Jeff Koons（2008），Roxy Paine（2009）和BigBambúbyDoug和Mike Starn（2010）。
屋頂花園從中央公園上方的有利位置可欣賞到曼哈頓天際線的景色。這些觀點被描述為“曼哈頓最好的”。眾所周知，藝術評論家抱怨說，這種觀點會“偏離”展覽中的藝術。 “紐約時報”的藝術評論家肯·約翰遜抱怨說，“令人驚嘆的中央公園和曼哈頓天際線的全景”創造了“一個不合適的雕塑場所”，“不鼓勵細心，沉思的外表”。作家Mindy Aloff將屋頂花園描述為“我在紐約所知道的最可愛的空中空間”。這個花園裡的咖啡館和酒吧被許多人認為是浪漫的。
FROM:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art
FROM:The Metropolitan Museum of Art New York: A walk inside in 4K – UHD.
FROM:Book Metropolitan Museum of Art | The MET @ Gootli
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