Norwegian architect Snøhetta has pledged to only design carbon-negative buildings, meaning their projects will generate more energy than they consume over their lifetime.

The firm plans to make the shift over the next 20 years. Snøhetta co-founder Kjetil Thorsen said the firm was making the move because the need to respond to climate change “feels so bloody urgent”.

“For the next 10 years Snøhetta will focus on turning our project portfolio carbon neutral in terms of all projects in the design stage,” the firm told. “Within the next 20 years [we will] ensure that our built projects are carbon neutral”

The move will mean that all their buildings generate enough energy to compensate for carbon emitted during the production of building materials, construction, operation and decommissioning at the end of the building’s life.

挪威建築師Snøhetta承諾僅設計負碳建築,這意味著他們的項目所產生的能源將超過其一生所消耗的能源。

該公司計劃在未來20年內做出轉變。 Snøhetta聯合創始人Kjetil Thorsen表示,該公司之所以採取這一舉措,是因為應對氣候變化的需求“真是太緊急了”。

該公司表示:“在接下來的10年中,Snøhetta將專注於使我們的項目組合在設計階段就所有項目實現碳中和。 “在未來20年內,我們將確保我們的建成項目是碳中和的”

此舉將意味著其所有建築物產生的能量足以補償建築物壽命結束時在建築材料生產,建造,運營和退役期間排放的碳。

Snøhetta co-founder Kjetil Thorsen wants all his studio’s projects to be carbon-negative|Snøhetta聯合創始人Kjetil Thorsen希望他工作室的所有項目都實現負碳減排

“For the next 10 years, we have the ambition of having projects on the table that will become CO2 negative in the cradle-to-cradle definition,” said Thorsen. “This means we have to understand the embodied energies and all the materials used.”

The announcement follows the completion of the Oslo-based architect’s Powerhouse Brattørkaia building, which is designed to be carbon negative over its 60-year lifespan.

It comes as architects wake up to the huge environmental impact of buildings and explore ways they can be beneficial to the planet.

Stirling Prize-winning architects Mikhail Riches declared last month that they will only work on zero-carbon projects from now on. However many architects believe the profession needs to aim beyond carbon neutrality. Michael Pawyln of climate-change movement Architects Declare has called for a new generation of regenerative buildings that give back more than they take.

索爾森說:“在接下來的10年中,我們有雄心勃勃的計劃,那就是在搖籃到搖籃的定義中,二氧化碳的排放量將變為負值。” “這意味著我們必須了解所包含的能量和所用的所有材料。”

這項宣布是在奧斯陸建築師的PowerhouseBrattørkaia大樓竣工之前完成的,該大樓在其60年的使用壽命中被設計為負碳。

當建築師意識到建築對環境的巨大影響並探索對地球有益的方法之時。

斯特靈獎獲獎建築師米哈伊爾·里奇斯(Mikhail Riches)上個月宣布,從現在開始,他們將僅從事零碳項目。 但是,許多建築師認為,該行業需要超越碳中和的目標。 氣候變化運動Architects Declare的Michael Pawyln呼籲新一代的可再生建築,其回饋能力超出其承受能力。

Snøhetta’s Powerhouse Brattørkaia building was designed to be carbon negative|Snøhetta的PowerhouseBrattørkaia大樓設計為負碳

Snøhetta estimates that 85 per cent of a building’s carbon emissions are generated by materials and construction, with just 15 per cent produced over the building’s operational lifetime and during decommissioning.

“In order to become CO2 negative after a certain period of time, you have to start producing energy from day one, repaying the carbon debt that which you had at the day of the opening,” Thorsen told. “You have to start paying back by producing clean energy.”

The main way buildings can repay this carbon debt is by generating power using photovoltaic panels, Thorsen said.

斯諾塔(Snøhetta)估計,建築物的碳排放量的85%是由材料和建築產生的,而在建築物的使用壽命和退役期間,僅產生了15%的碳排放量。

索爾森說:“為了在一段時間後變成二氧化碳負值,您必須從第一天開始生產能源,償還開業當天的碳債務。” “您必須通過生產清潔能源來開始償還。”

索爾森說,建築物償還碳債務的主要方式是使用光伏板發電。

Thorsen believes that photovoltaic panels are key to repaying the carbon debt created by constructing a building 索森認為,光伏板是償還因建造建築物而產生的碳債務的關鍵

With today’s photovoltaic technology, buildings need to be operational for around 60 years before their solar panels have generated enough power to pay back all the carbon emitted over the building’s lifetime.

借助當今的光伏技術,建築物需要運行約60年才能使太陽能電池板產生足夠的電能以償還建築物整個生命週期中排放的所有碳。

Sixty years is currently “the best you can do,” Thorsen said. It takes around six years to pay back the embodied carbon in the solar panels themselves, he added.

With current photovoltaic technology, carbon-negative buildings need to be sculpted to maximise the sunlight that hits them. The wedge-shaped Powerhouse Brattørkaia building has 3,000 square metres of photovoltaics on its sloping south-facing facade.

Thorsen說,六十年是目前“您能做的最好的事”。 他補充說,大約需要六年的時間才能償還太陽能電池板本身中包含的碳。

使用當前的光伏技術,需要雕刻負碳建築,以最大程度地照射到建築物上。 楔形PowerhouseBrattørkaia建築物的南坡外立面擁有3,000平方米的光伏電池。

The Powerhouse Telemark has been designed to optimise the amount of photovoltaic panels|Powerhouse Telemark旨在優化光伏板的數量

A second Powerhouse building, called Powerhouse Telemark, is under construction in Porsgrunn, south-eastern Norway. This is shaped like a diamond to make their most of its photovoltaic cladding.

But Thorsen believes that advances in solar-panel technology will allow buildings to generate clean energy more efficiently and become carbon positive more quickly.

Nanotechnology could soon be used to make panels with micro-scale 3D surfaces that capture more sunlight than today’s flat panels, he said. They could generate power for longer periods and buildings would not need to be shaped to maximise exposure to sunlight, since the panels would be effective regardless of the angle of the sun.

These panels would be less carbon-intensive to manufacture, and could have built-in batteries to store power, Thorsen said.

“The whole architectural scene has been waiting for nanotechnologies to actually get to a point where we can get more efficient for solar-panel electrical production,” Thorsen said. “Nanotechnology seems to be the way forward with much lower embodied energy in the production.”

挪威東南部的Porsgrunn正在建設第二座Powerhouse大樓,稱為Powerhouse Telemark。它的形狀像鑽石,可以充分利用其光伏覆層。

但索爾森認為,太陽能電池板技術的進步將使建築物更有效地產生清潔能源,並更快地成為正碳。

他說,納米技術很快將被用於製造具有微型3D表面的面板,該面板可以捕獲比今天的平板更多的陽光。它們可以產生較長時間的電力,並且不需要調整建築物的形狀以最大化地暴露在陽光下,因為無論太陽的角度如何,面板都有效。

索爾森說,這些面板的碳排放量將減少,並且可以內置電池來存儲電力。

索森說:“整個建築界一直在等待納米技術的發展,以使我們能夠提高太陽能電池板電氣生產的效率。” “納米技術似乎是前進的方向,其生產中所包含的能量要低得多。”

Snøhetta is also designing an energy-positive hotel in the Arctic Circle|斯諾赫塔(Snøhetta)還在北極圈設計一個能量積極的酒店

Nanotechnology could also see the development of wafer-thin batteries that are printed onto the same cladding panels, he said.

The photovoltaics on Powerhouse Brattørkaia generate 50 to 60 per cent more power than the building needs. The excess is used to power neighbouring buildings via a microgrid.

他說,納米技術也有望看到印製在相同覆層板上的薄晶圓電池的發展。

PowerhouseBrattørkaia上的光伏發電量比建築物所需的發電量高50%至60%。 多餘的部分用於通過微電網為附近的建築物供電。

“The ambition is also to be able to store energy from the summer months for the winter months in really efficient batteries,” Thorsen said. “The next level is not just like zero-emissions buildings, but a zero-emissions neighbourhoods.”

Other ways Snøhetta is trying to reduce the time it takes for buildings to repay their carbon debt include using less carbon-intensive materials such as wood and avoiding composite materials and glues that cannot be reused.

The firm is working on a carbon-negative hotel that will be built close to the Svartisen glacier in Northern Norway. Called the Svart Hotel, the off-grid building will generate a power surplus and will be largely constructed of timber.

Imagery courtesy of Snøhetta. Portrait is by Bjørnar Øvrebø.

索爾森說:“野心還在於能夠從夏季到冬季將能量存儲在真正高效的電池中。” “下一層不僅是零排放建築,而且是零排放社區。”

Snøhetta嘗試減少建築物償還碳債務所需的其他方法包括使用碳強度較低的材料(例如木材),避免使用無法重複使用的複合材料和膠水。

該公司正在開發一家碳負性酒店,該酒店將建在挪威北部的Svartisen冰川附近。 這座名為“ Svart Hotel”的離網建築將產生電力過剩,並且將主要由木材建造。

圖片由Snøhetta提供。 肖像是BjørnarØvrebø的作品。

FROM:https://www.dezeen.com/2019/11/27/snohetta-carbon-negative-buildings-pledge/

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