Matsumoto Castle 松本城

Matsumoto Castle (松本城 Matsumoto-jō) is one of Japan’s premier historic castles, along with Himeji Castle and Kumamoto Castle. The building is also known as the “Crow Castle” (烏城 Karasu-jō) due to its black exterior. It was the seat of the Matsumoto domain. It is located in the city of Matsumoto, in Nagano Prefecture and is within easy reach of Tokyo by road or rail.

The keep (tenshukaku), which was completed in the late sixteenth century, maintains its original wooden interiors and external stonework. It is listed as a National Treasure of Japan.

Matsumoto Castle is a flatland castle (hirajiro) because it is not built on a hilltop or amid rivers, but on a plain. Its complete defences would have included an extensive system of inter-connecting walls, moats, and gatehouses.

Matsumoto Castle(松本城松本莊)是日本首屈一指的歷史城堡之一,還有姬路城和熊本城。 由於其黑色的外觀,該建築也被稱為“烏鴉城堡”(烏城卡拉蘇jō)。 它是松本域的所在地。 它位於長野縣松本市,乘公路或鐵路可輕鬆抵達東京。

保存(tenshukaku),在十六世紀後期完成,保持其原有的木質內飾和外部石雕。 它被列為日本國寶。

松本城是一座平地城堡(hirajiro),因為它不是建在山頂或河流中,而是建在平原上。 它的完整防禦將包括一個連接牆,護城河和門樓的廣泛系統。

Coordinates:36°14′20″N 137°58′09″ECoordinates: 36°14′20″N 137°58′09″E
Type:Hirashiro (flatland castle)
Site information
Condition:Original keep (tenshu) and inner walls survive, several gates have been rebuilt since 1960
Site history
Built:Current structures date from 1594
Built by:Shimadachi Sadanaga
In use:1504 to 1868
Materials:Earth, stone, and wood
Demolished:Outer castle was taken down and the land reclaimed in the Meiji Restoration

坐標:36°14’20“N 137°58’09”ECoordinates:36°14’20“N 137°58’09”E
類型:平城(平地城堡)
網站信息
條件:原始保持(tenshu)和內牆生存,自1960年以來已經重建了幾個大門
網站歷史
建造:當前結構可追溯至1594年
建造者:Shimadachi Sadanaga
使用時間:1504至1868
材料:土,石和木材
拆毀:外面的城堡被拆除,在明治維新修復了土地









History

The castle’s origins go back to the Sengoku period. At that time Shimadachi Sadanaga of the Ogasawara clan built a fort on this site in 1504, which originally was called Fukashi Castle. In 1550 it came under the rule of the Takeda clan and then Tokugawa Ieyasu.

When Toyotomi Hideyoshi transferred Ieyasu to the Kantō region, he placed Ishikawa Kazumasa in charge of Matsumoto. Kazumasa and his son Yasunaga built the tower and other parts of the castle, including the three towers: the keep and the small tower in the northwest, both begun in 1590, and the Watari Tower; the residence; the drum gate; the black gate, the Tsukimi Yagura, the moat, the innermost bailey, the second bailey, the third bailey, and the sub-floors in the castle, much as they are today. They also were instrumental in laying out the castle town and its infrastructure. It is believed much of the castle was completed by 1593–94.

During the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate established the Matsumoto Domain, of which the Matsudaira, Mizuno, and others were the daimyōs.

For the next 280 years until the abolition of the feudal system in the Meiji Restoration, the castle was ruled by the 23 lords of Matsumoto representing six different daimyō families. In this period the stronghold was also known as Crow Castle (烏城 Karasu-jo) because its black walls and roofs looked like spreading wings.

歷史

城堡的起源可以追溯到戰國時期。那時,小笠原氏族的Shimadachi Sadanaga在1504年在這個地方建造了一座堡壘,最初被稱為Fukashi城堡。在1550年,它受到了武田氏族和德川家康的統治。

當Toyotomi Hideyoshi將Ieyasu轉移到Kantō地區時,他讓Ishikawa Kazumasa負責松本。 Kazumasa和他的兒子Yasunaga建造了塔樓和城堡的其他部分,包括三座塔樓:西北部的保持和小塔,始於1590年,和Watari塔;住所;鼓門;黑色的大門,Tsukimi Yagura,護城河,最裡面的貝利,第二個貝利,第三個貝利,以及城堡中的地板,就像今天一樣。他們還在佈置城堡城鎮及其基礎設施方面發揮了重要作用。據信大部分城堡都是在1593年至1994年間完成的。

在江戶時代,德川幕府建立了松本域,其中Matsudaira,Mizuno和其他人都是daimyōs。

在明治維新中廢除封建制度之後的280年裡,這座城堡由松本的23位領主統治,代表著六個不同的大名家族。在這個時期,據點也被稱為烏鴉堡(烏城卡拉蘇),因為它的黑色牆壁和屋頂看起來像展開的翅膀。

Matsumoto Castle is a National Treasure designated castle standing on the plains of Matsumoto City, in central Nagano Prefecture. Being a hira-jiro, a castle built on the plains, Matsumoto required an extensive system of moats, stone and earthen walls, and gatehouses for defense.

The site had been used as a fortress from around 1504 by the Ogasawara clan before being taken first by Takeda Shingen in 1550, and later by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who awarded it to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Ieyasu re-installed the Ogasawara clan, with Ogasawara Sadayoshi in command. Sadayoshi named the area Matsumoto before Tokugawa Ieyasu replaced him with the trusted Tokugawa general, Ishikawa Kazumasa.

From 1590, Kazumasa rebuilt and expanded the castle, but died two years later in 1592. His son, Yasunaga, also known as Gemba, completed the work in 1594, including the current remaining five-story black lacquered wooden clad tower.

Of interest is the difference in construction, particularly inside of the smaller tower, the Ko-tenshu, and the Tenshu main tower. The upright pillars inside the older ko-tenshu are rounded, while the main tenshu has square shaped supports, having been built at different times. The main and sub-keep towers are connected by fortified watari-yagura corridors. The Tenshu and Ko-tenshu both feature the so-called ishi-otoshi rock dropping hatches on the corners, indicating its war-time construction. The southeastern corner features an open plan yagura known as the Tsukimi Yagura, or Moon-Viewing yagura. As its name suggests, it was built for moon viewing parties and has little defensive value, alluding to its peace-time construction. This was added 1634, 40 years after the completion of the main keep by Tokugawa Ieyasu’s grandson, the then lord, Matsudaira Naomasa for his cousin, the third Shogun Iemitsu’s planned visit. The elegant pavilion was completed on time, however the shogun was suddenly forced to cancel his trip, and never got to see the extension, nor enjoyed a moon viewing party there.

It is said that the moon can be seen three times during a moon viewing party in the Tsukimi-Yagura, once in the sky, once reflected in the moat, and the third being a reflection in your sake cup. Drink enough sake and you may well see more.

松本城是位於長野縣中部松本市平原上的國寶指定城堡。作為平原上的一座城堡,松本需要一個廣泛的護城河,石頭和土牆以及防禦門樓。

該遺址在1505年左右被小笠原家族用作堡壘,然後在1550年由武田信玄首先拍攝,後來被豐臣秀吉授予德川家康。 Ieyasu重新安裝了小笠原氏族,並與Ogasawara Sadayoshi一起指揮。在Tokugawa Ieyasu用可靠的德川將軍Ishikawa Kazumasa取代他之前,Sadayoshi將該地區命名為Matsumoto。

從1590年起,Kazumasa重建並擴建了城堡,但兩年後於1592年去世。他的兒子Yasunaga,也被稱為Gemba,於1594年完成了這項工作,包括目前剩下的五層黑漆木包層塔。

令人感興趣的是建築的差異,特別是在較小的塔樓,Ko-tenshu和Tenshu主塔內部。較舊的k​​o-tenshu內部的直立柱是圓形的,而主要的tenshu有方形支撐,在不同的時間建造。主要和次要保持塔由強化的watari-yagura走廊連接。 Tenshu和Ko-tenshu在角落都有所謂的ishi-otoshi岩石下降艙口,表明它的戰時構造。東南角有一個開放式的Yagura,名為Tsukimi Yagura,或Moon-Viewing yagura。顧名思義,它是為月球觀賞派對建造的,幾乎沒有防禦價值,暗指它的和平時期建築。在德川家康的孫子,當時的領主Matsudaira Naomasa為他的堂兄,第三次Shogun Iemitsu的計劃訪問完成主要保留40年後,這又增加了1634年。優雅的亭子按時完工,但幕府將軍突然被迫取消他的旅行,從未看到延伸,也沒有享受那裡的月亮觀賞派對。

據說月亮在月亮觀賞派對中可以看到三次,一次在天空中,一次在護城河中反射,第三次在你的酒杯中反射。喝足夠的清酒,你可能會看到更多。

The main complex is in fact five separate National Treasures in one. The main keep, the ko-tenshu, the two adjoining corridors and the Tsukimi-Yagura are all separate National Treasures.

The outer walls of the tenshu complex are covered in black lacquered shitami-itabari cladding, protecting the mud walls within, giving it a strong, somber appearance, particularly against the backdrop of the winter snow capped northern alps.

In 1872 following the collapse of the feudal system and the start of the Meiji Restoration, Matsumoto Castle, like most castles across Japan, was scheduled for demolition and sold at auction. Many citizens against the demolition formed a group to save the castle, successfully preserving it for future generations to enjoy. In the mid Meiji period, the castle developed a lean, and again civic groups rallied to repair the tower keep. The castle was designated as a National Treasure in 1952, and recent improvement works have seen the reconstruction of a number of gates and walls.

On the corner of the Taiko Yagura Mon Gate and current entrance to National Treasure listed Matsumoto Castle is a large, rectangular upright rock, about 2 and a half meters high, and weighing an estimated 22.5 tons. It is known as the Genba Stone, after the samurai lord, Ishikawa Genba, who had been tasked with the redevelopment and expansion of the castle in 1590.

Exceptionally large rocks are often used at the gates and entranceways of castles as a display of power and financial strength. Anyone able to have such a large rock must also have a large and well-equipped army, and therefore was someone to be reckoned with.

The story goes that when the rock was being moved into place, lord Ishikawa Gemba himself stood atop the great rock directing the laborers as it was being pulled into position. It was then he overheard some of the workers complaining that the rock was too big and heavy to be placed. Within seconds, the head of the main complainer was rolling in the dust. Spears were then thrust into the neck cavity, and the head hoisted up for public display. Climbing back onto the rock, Gemba ordered the laborers to pull, and pull they did! The huge rock was very quickly, and very quietly, moved into position.

主要建築群實際上是五個獨立的國寶。主要的保留,ko-tenshu,兩個相鄰的走廊和Tsukimi-Yagura都是獨立的國寶。

tenshu綜合體的外牆覆蓋著黑色漆面的shitami-itabari覆層,保護內部的泥牆,使其具有強烈,陰沉的外觀,特別是在冬季白雪皚皚的北阿爾卑斯山的背景下。

在封建制度崩潰和明治維新開始後的1872年,松本城像大多數日本城堡一樣,計劃拆除並在拍賣會上出售。許多反對拆遷的公民組成了一個拯救城堡的小組,成功地保留了它以供後代享用。在明治中期,城堡發展了一個精益,並再次民間團體集會修復塔保持。這座城堡於1952年被指定為國寶,最近的改善工程已經看到了許多大門和城牆的重建。

在Taiko Yagura Mon Gate的拐角處,目前入住國寶的松本城堡是一塊巨大的長方形直立岩石,高約2.5米,重約22.5噸。它被稱為Genba Stone,在武士領主Ishikawa Genba之後,他的任務是在1590年重建和擴建城堡。

在城堡的大門和入口處經常使用特別大的岩石作為力量和經濟實力的展示。任何能夠擁有這麼大的岩石的人都必須擁有一支龐大而裝備精良的軍隊,因此是一個不可忽視的人。

故事說,當岩石被移動到位時,石川閣下的自己站在巨大的岩石頂上,指揮著勞動者被拉到位的位置。然後他聽到一些工人抱怨說岩石太大而且太重而無法放置。幾秒鐘之內,主要投手的頭部在塵土中滾動。然後將矛刺入頸腔,抬起頭部進行公開展示。爬回岩石,Gemba命令勞動者拉扯,然後拉他們做!巨大的岩石很快就非常安靜地移動到位。

Matsumoto Castle is a stunning example of Sengoku period castle architecture, and one of only five castles designated as National Treasure. Matsumoto Castle is also known as Karasu-Jo, or Crow Castle due its black walled main tower and adjoining towers looking like a crow spreading its wings. It is off the standard tourist path, but not too far, as the Crow flies.

松本城是戰國時期城堡建築的絕佳典範,也是僅有的五座被指定為國寶的城堡之一。 松本城也被稱為卡拉蘇喬(Karasu-Jo),或稱烏鴉城堡(Crow Castle),因為它的黑色主塔和相鄰的塔樓看起來像一隻展開翅膀的烏鴉。 它離開標準的旅遊路徑,但不會太遠,因為烏鴉飛了。

FROM:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto_Castle

https://samurai-world.com/matsumoto-castle-naganos-national-treasure/

FROM:Matsumoto Castle – Nagano ᴴᴰ ● 松本城 長野

FROM:Matsumoto Castle – 松本城 – 4K Ultra HD

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