London Aquatics Center 倫敦水上運動中心

The London Aquatics Centre is an indoor facility with two 50-metre (164-foot) swimming pools and a 25-metre (82-foot) diving pool in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, London. The centre, one of the main venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Paralympics, was used for the swimming, diving and synchronised swimming events. After significant modification, the centre opened to the public in March 2014.

倫敦水上運動中心是一個室內設施,在倫敦斯特拉特福德的伊麗莎白女王奧林匹克公園內有兩個50米(164英尺)的游泳池和一個25米(82英尺)的跳水池。 該中心是2012年夏季奧運會和2012年夏季殘奧會的主要場地之一,用於游泳,潛水和花樣游泳活動。 經過重大修改後,該中心於2014年3月向公眾開放。

Location:Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
London, E20
United Kingdom
Coordinates:51.5402°N 0.0106°WCoordinates: 51.5402°N 0.0106°W
Public transit:London Underground London Overground Crossrail Docklands Light Railway National Rail Stratford
Docklands Light Railway National Rail Stratford International
Operator:Greenwich Leisure Limited
Capacity:17,500 (2,500 post-Olympics)
Construction
Broke ground:July 2008
Built:27 July 2011
Construction cost:£269 million
Architect:Zaha Hadid Architects
Structural engineer:Ove Arup & Partners
General contractor:Balfour Beatty
Tenants
2012 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
2016 European Aquatics Championships

地點:英國女王伊麗莎白公園
倫敦,E20
英國
坐標:51.5402°N 0.0106°W坐標:51.5402°N 0.0106°W
公共交通:倫敦地鐵倫敦Overground Crossrail碼頭區輕軌鐵路國家鐵路斯特拉特福德
碼頭區輕軌國家鐵路斯特拉特福國際
運營商:Greenwich Leisure Limited
容量:17,500(奧運後2,500)
施工
破土動工:2008年7月
建成時間:2011年7月27日
建設成本:2.69億英鎊
建築師:Zaha Hadid Architects
結構工程師:Ove Arup&Partners
總承包商:Balfour Beatty
租戶
2012年夏季奧運會
2012年夏季殘奧會
2016年歐洲水上運動錦標賽





Design
The centre was designed by Pritzker Prize-winning architect Zaha Hadid in 2004 before London won the bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was built alongside the Water Polo Arena and opposite the Olympic Stadium on the opposite bank of the Waterworks River. The site is 45 metres (148 feet) high, 160 metres (520 feet) long, and 80 metres (260 feet) wide. The wave-like roof is stated to be 11,200 square feet (1,040 m2), a reduction from the previously stated 35,000 square feet (3,300 m2). The design was inspired by the Dollan Aqua Centre in East Kilbride, Scotland.

The complex has a 50-m competition pool, a 25-m competition diving pool and a 50-m warm-up pool. The 50-m pool is 3 metres deep, like the one in the Beijing National Aquatics Center, in order to be fast. Its floor can be moved to reduce its depth. There are also moveable booms that allow its size to be changed. The diving pool has platform boards at heights of 3 m, 5 m, 7.5 m, and 10 m and three 3m springboards. For the television coverage of the Olympics, the pools were also equipped with innovative cameras in order to present the action from multiple angles.

Because the centre was designed before the Olympic bid was completed, the spectator wings were not part of the original design. They were later added to fit the estimated audience.

Jacques Rogge, IOC President, described the Centre as a “masterpiece”.

設計
該中心由普利茲克獎獲獎建築師扎哈·哈迪德於2004年在倫敦中標2012年夏季奧運會之前設計。它與水球競技場一起建造,位於水廠河對岸的奧林匹克體育場對面。該站點高45米(148英尺),長160米(520英尺),寬80米(260英尺)。波浪形屋頂面積為11,200平方英尺(1,040平方米),比先前規定的35,000平方英尺(3,300平方米)減少。設計靈感來自蘇格蘭東基爾布賴德的Dollan Aqua中心。

該綜合體有一個50米的比賽池,一個25米的比賽跳水池和一個50米的熱身泳池。這個50米長的游泳池深3米,就像北京國家游泳中心的游泳池一樣,速度很快。它的地板可以移動以減少其深度。還有可移動的動臂,可以改變其尺寸。跳水池的平台高度為3米,5米,7.5米和10米,還有3個3米跳板。對於奧運會的電視報導,游泳池還配備了創新的攝像機,以便從多個角度呈現動作。

因為該中心是在奧運申辦完成之前設計的,所以觀眾的翅膀不是原設計的一部分。他們後來被添加以適應估計的觀眾。

國際奧委會主席雅克·羅格將該中心描述為“傑作”。

Construction

On 1 December 2005, Hadid was instructed to revise her designs after a specification change led to a doubling of the £75-million estimated cost. The new plans were unveiled on 27 November 2006. Although the same general design was kept, with capacity for 17,500 spectators, the revised design was much smaller and was expected to cost much less than the previous estimate. However, subsequent cost increases were reported to Parliament in 2008.

The construction contract was awarded to Balfour Beatty in April 2008. At the same time, it was reported that the centre would cost about three times as much as originally estimated, totalling about £242 million. The cost increases were attributed to construction inflation and VAT increases, and also included the estimated cost of converting the facility for public use after the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The Centre was completed in July 2011 at a final cost of £269 million.

By exposing the concrete finish rather than painting or cladding, the design demonstrates the precast-concrete skills provided by Peri. The precast floor terracing was manufactured by Bell & Webster Concrete in Lincolnshire, England. The terracing units were delivered and positioned to accelerate the speed of construction. The unique six-board diving platform is made from 462 tonnes of concrete. The aluminium roof covering was provided by Kalzip. The steel structure was built in cooperation with Rowecord Engineering, of Newport, Wales. The ceiling was built with 30,000 sections of Red Louro timber. The steel roof weighs 3,200 tonnes. The three pools hold around 10 million litres (2.2 million imperial gallons; 2.6 million US gallons) of water.

After the Paralympic Games, the Aquatic Centre was deconstructed to reduce its space. The frame wings on either side of the central space were removed, unbolted, and sold. The PVC wrap that temporarily enclosed the space was also sold, while the seats and toilets were reused elsewhere. As certain parts of the building were no longer needed, they were recycled via Vinyloop. This allowed the standards of the Olympic Delivery Authority concerning environmental protection to be met.

施工

2005年12月1日,Hadid被指示在規格變更導致7500萬英鎊的估計成本翻倍之後修改她的設計。新計劃於2006年11月27日公佈。雖然保留了相同的總體設計,可容納17,500名觀眾,但修改後的設計要小得多,預計成本遠低於此前的估計。但是,隨後的費用增加在2008年向議會報告。

該建築合同於2008年4月授予Balfour Beatty。與此同時,據報導該中心的費用約為原先估計的三倍,總計約2.42億英鎊。成本增加歸因於建築通脹和增值稅的增加,還包括在奧運會和殘奧會之後將設施轉換為公共用途的估計成本。該中心於2011年7月完工,最終費用為2.69億英鎊。

通過露出混凝土飾面而不是塗漆或覆層,該設計展示了Peri提供的預製混凝土技術。預製地板梯田由英國林肯郡的Bell&Webster Concrete製造。交付和定位梯田單元以加快施工速度。獨特的六板潛水平台由462噸混凝土製成。鋁製屋頂覆蓋物由Kalzip提供。鋼結構是與威爾士紐波特的Rowecord工程公司合作建造的。天花板上有30,000個Red Louro木材。鋼屋頂重達3,200噸。這三個水池容納了大約1000萬升(220萬英國加侖; 260萬美製加侖)的水。

殘奧會結束後,水上運動中心被解構,以減少其空間。中央空間兩側的框架翼被拆除,拆卸並出售。臨時封閉空間的PVC包裝也被出售,而座椅和廁所在其他地方重複使用。由於不再需要建築物的某些部分,它們通過Vinyloop回收。這使奧運交付管理局有關環境保護的標準得以實現。

Capacity
During the Games the venue had a capacity of 17,500. The two temporary “wings” have been removed, reducing the capacity to a regular 2,800 with an additional 1,000 seats available for major events. Of all the swimming venues built for the 2012 Summer Olympics, the Aquatics Centre is the only one that will remain afterwards, albeit in a downsized form.

容量
在奧運會期間,場地的容量為17,500。 這兩個臨時“機翼”已被拆除,將容量減少到常規2,800,另外還有1,000個座位可用於重大活動。 在為2012年夏季奧運會建造的所有游泳場所中,水上運動中心是唯一一個將在之後保留的游泳場所,儘管是縮小形式。

FROM:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Aquatics_Centre

FROM:London 2012 Olympic Aquatics Centre Timelapse

FROM:Awesome Projects – Aquatic Centre by Zaha Hadid (London 2012 Olympics)

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