State Historical Museum
The State Historical Museum (Russian: Государственный исторический музей, Gosudarstvenny istoricheskiy muzyey) of Russia is a museum of Russian history wedged between Red Square and Manege Square in Moscow. Its exhibitions range from relics of prehistoric tribes that lived on the territory of present-day Russia, through priceless artworks acquired by members of the Romanov dynasty. The total number of objects in the museum’s collection comes to millions.
俄羅斯國家歷史博物館（俄語：Государственныйисторическиймузей，Gosudarstvenny istoricheskiy muzyey）是俄羅斯歷史博物館，位於莫斯科紅場和Manege廣場之間。 它的展覽範圍包括生活在當今俄羅斯領土上的史前部落的遺物，以及羅曼諾夫王朝成員所獲得的無價藝術品。 博物館藏品中的物品總數達到數百萬。
Established:1872
Location:Moscow, Russia
Type:Historical
公司成立時間：1872年
地點：俄羅斯莫斯科
類型：歷史
The place where the museum now stands was formerly occupied by the Principal Medicine Store, built by order of Peter the Great in the Moscow baroque style. Several rooms in that building housed royal collections of antiquities. Other rooms were occupied by the Moscow University, founded by Mikhail Lomonosov in 1755.
The museum was founded in 1872 by Ivan Zabelin, Aleksey Uvarov and several other Slavophiles interested in promoting Russian history and national self-awareness. The board of trustees, composed of Sergey Solovyov, Vasily Klyuchevsky, Uvarov and other leading historians, presided over the construction of the museum building. After a prolonged competition the project was handed over to Vladimir Osipovich Shervud (or Sherwood, 1833–97).
博物館現在所處的地方以前由主要醫藥商店佔據，該商店由彼得大帝以莫斯科巴洛克風格的命令建造。 該建築中的幾個房間收藏了皇家古董收藏品。 其他房間由莫斯科大學佔據，由米哈伊爾·羅蒙諾索夫於1755年創立。
該博物館由Ivan Zabelin，Aleksey Uvarov和其他幾位對促進俄羅斯歷史和民族自我意識感興趣的其他斯拉夫人創立於1872年。 由Sergey Solovyov，Vasily Klyuchevsky，Uvarov和其他主要歷史學家組成的董事會主持了博物館建築的建設。 經過長時間的比賽，該項目被移交給Vladimir Osipovich Shervud（或Sherwood，1833-97）。
The present structure was built based on Sherwood’s neo-Russian design between 1875 and 1881. The first 11 exhibit halls officially opened in 1883 during a visit from the Tsar and his wife. Then in 1894 Tsar Alexander III became the honorary president of the museum and the following year, 1895, the museum was renamed the Tsar Alexander III Imperial Russian History Museum. Its interiors were intricately decorated in the Russian Revival style by such artists as Viktor Vasnetsov, Henrik Semiradsky, and Ivan Aivazovsky. During the Soviet period the murals were proclaimed gaudy and were plastered over. The museum went through a painstaking restoration of its original appearance between 1986 and 1997.
目前的建築是在1875年至1881年之間基於舍伍德的新俄設計建造的。在沙皇和他的妻子訪問期間，前18個展廳於1883年正式開放。 然後在1894年，沙皇亞歷山大三世成為該博物館的名譽主席，並於次年，1895年，該博物館更名為沙皇亞歷山大三世帝國俄羅斯歷史博物館。 其內飾由俄羅斯復興風格精心裝飾，由Viktor Vasnetsov，Henrik Semiradsky和Ivan Aivazovsky等藝術家設計。 在蘇聯時期，壁畫被宣佈為華而不實，並貼滿了。 博物館經歷了1986年至1997年間原始外觀的艱苦修復。
Notable items include a longboat excavated from the banks of the Volga River, gold artifacts of the Scythians, birch-bark scrolls of Novgorod, manuscripts going back to the sixth century, Russian folk ceramics, and wooden objects. The library boasts the manuscripts of the Chludov Psalter (860s), Svyatoslav’s Miscellanies (1073), Mstislav Gospel (1117), Yuriev Gospel (1119), and Halych Gospel (1144). The museum’s coin collection alone includes 1.7 million coins, making it the largest in Russia. In 1996, the number of all articles in the museum’s collection reached 4,373,757.
A branch of the museum is housed in the Romanov Chambers Zaryadye and Moscow Kremlin. In 1934 The Museum of Women’s Emancipation at the Novodevichy Convent became part of the State Historical Museum. Some of the churches and other monastic buildings are still affiliated with the State Historical Museum.
著名的物品包括從伏爾加河河岸出土的長船，斯基泰人的黃金文物，諾夫哥羅德的樺樹皮捲軸，可追溯到六世紀的手稿，俄羅斯民間陶瓷和木製物品。 圖書館擁有Chludov Psalter（860s），Svyatoslav’s Miscellanies（1073），Mstislav Gospel（1117），Yuriev Gospel（1119）和Halych Gospel（1144）的手稿。 僅博物館的硬幣收藏包括170萬枚硬幣，使其成為俄羅斯最大的硬幣。 1996年，博物館收藏的所有文章數量達到4,373,757。
博物館的一個分支位於Romanov Chambers Zaryadye和莫斯科克里姆林宮。 1934年，Novodevichy修道院的婦女解放博物館成為國家歷史博物館的一部分。 一些教堂和其他修道院建築仍然隸屬於國家歷史博物館。
FROM:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Historical_Museum
FROM:MOSCOW – State Historical Museum
FROM:The State Historical Museum on Red Square (TIME LAPSE 4K) – Moscow, Russia
FROM:Historical Museum At Moscow’s Red Square | Mathrubhumi News
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