Church of the Savior on Blood 滴血救世主教堂

The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood (Russian: Церковь Спаса на Крови, Tserkovʹ Spasa na Krovi) is one of the main sights of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Other names include the Church on Spilled Blood (Russian: Церковь на Крови, Tserkov’ na Krovi), the Temple of the Savior on Spilled Blood (Russian: Храм Спаса на Крови, Khram Spasa na Krovi), and the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ (Russian: Собор Воскресения Христова, Sobor Voskreseniya Khristova).

This church was built on the site where Emperor Alexander II was fatally wounded by political nihilists in March 1881. The church was built between 1883 and 1907. The construction was funded by the imperial family.

滴血救世主教堂(俄語:ЦерковьСпасанаКрови,Tserkov’Spasa na Krovi)是俄羅斯聖彼得堡的主要景點之一。 其他名稱包括滴血教堂(俄語:ЦерковьнаКрови,Tserkov’na Krovi),滴血救世殿(俄語:ХрамСпасанаКрови,Khram Spasa na Krovi)和復活大教堂 基督(俄語:СоборВоскресенияХристова,Sobor Voskreseniya Khristova)。

這座教堂建於1881年3月皇帝亞歷山大二世因政治虛無主義者受到致命傷害的地方建造。教堂建於1883年至1907年之間。建築由皇室資助。

Religion
Affiliation:Russian Orthodox
Ecclesiastical or organizational status:State Historical Museum
Status:Secularized (1930s)
Location
Location:Saint Petersburg, Russia
Geographic coordinates:59°56′24″N 30°19′43″ECoordinates: 59°56′24″N 30°19′43″E
Architecture
Architect(s):Alfred Alexandrovich Parland, Archimandrite Ignaty (Ivan Malyshev)
Architectural type:Church
Architectural style:Romantic nationalism
Groundbreaking:1883
Completed:1907

宗教
隸屬:俄羅斯東正教
教會或組織狀況:國家歷史博物館
現狀:世俗化(20世紀30年代)
地點
地點:俄羅斯聖彼得堡
地理坐標:59°56’24“N 30°19’43”ECoordinates:59°56’24“N 30°19’43”E
建築
建築師:Alfred Alexandrovich Parland,Archimandrite Ignaty(Ivan Malyshev)
建築類型:教堂
建築風格:浪漫的民族主義
開工:1883年
完成時間:1907年







History
Construction began in 1883 during the reign of Alexander III, 2 years after the assassination of his father Alexander II. The church was dedicated to be a memorial to his father, Alexander II. Estimates suggest that the construction cost 4.5 million rubles. The construction was completed during the reign of Nicholas II in 1907. Funding was provided by the Imperial family with the support of many private donors.

The church is prominently situated along the Griboedov Canal; paved roads run along both sides of the canal. On March 13, 1881 (Julian date: March 1), as Tsar Alexander II’s carriage passed along the embankment, a grenade thrown by an anarchist conspirator exploded. The tsar, shaken but unhurt, got out of the carriage and started to remonstrate with the presumed culprit. A second conspirator took the chance to throw another bomb, killing himself and mortally wounding the tsar. The tsar, bleeding heavily, was taken back to the Winter Palace, where he died a few hours later.

A temporary shrine was erected on the site of the attack while plans and fundraising for a more permanent memorial were undertaken. In order to build a permanent shrine on the exact spot where the assassination took place, it was decided to narrow the canal so that the section of road on which the tsar had been driving could be included within the walls of the church. An elaborate shrine, in the form of a ciborium, was constructed at the end of the church opposite the altar, on the exact place of Alexander’s assassination. It is embellished with topaz, lazurite and other semi-precious stones,making a striking contrast with the simple cobblestones of the old road, which are exposed in the floor of the shrine.

歷史
在他的父親亞歷山大二世被暗殺2年後的亞歷山大三世統治期間,建於1883年。教堂致力於紀念他的父親亞歷山大二世。估計建議建設成本為450萬盧布。該建築於1907年在尼古拉斯二世統治期間完成。資助由帝國家庭在許多私人捐助者的支持下提供。

教堂位於Griboedov運河沿岸的顯眼位置;鋪設的道路沿著運河兩側延伸。 1881年3月13日(朱利安日期:3月1日),當沙皇亞歷山大二世的馬車沿著堤岸經過時,一個由無政府主義者陰謀家投擲的手榴彈爆炸了。沙皇,動搖但沒有受傷,從車廂裡出來,開始用假定的罪魁禍首來抗議。第二個陰謀者抓住機會投擲另一枚炸彈,殺死自己並致命地傷害了沙皇。沙皇大量出血,被帶回冬宮,幾個小時後他在那裡去世。

在襲擊現場豎立了一座臨時聖地,同時為更永久的紀念碑進行了計劃和籌款。為了在暗殺發生的確切地點建造永久性聖地,決定縮小運河,以便沙皇駕駛的道路部分可以包括在教堂的牆壁內。在祭壇對面的教堂盡頭,在亞歷山大被暗殺的確切地點,建造了一座精心製作的聖殿,形式為c ..它飾有黃玉,lazurite和其他半寶石,與舊路的簡單鵝卵石形成鮮明對比,這些鵝卵石暴露在神社的地板上。

Architecture

Architecturally, the cathedral differs from Saint Petersburg’s other structures. The city’s architecture is predominantly Baroque and Neoclassical, but the Savior on Blood harks back to medieval Russian architecture in the spirit of romantic nationalism. It intentionally resembles the 17th-century Yaroslavl churches and the celebrated St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow.

The church contains over 7500 square meters of mosaics—according to its restorers, more than any other church in the world. This record may be surpassed by the Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, which houses 7700 square meters of mosaics.The interior was designed by some of the most celebrated Russian artists of the day—including Viktor Vasnetsov, Mikhail Nesterov and Mikhail Vrubel — but the church’s chief architect, Alfred Alexandrovich Parland, was relatively little-known (born in Saint Petersburg in 1842 in a Baltic-German Lutheran family). Perhaps not surprisingly, the church’s construction ran well over budget, having been estimated at 3.6 million rubles but ending up costing over 4.6 million. The walls and ceilings inside the church are completely covered in intricately detailed mosaics — the main pictures being biblical scenes or figures — but with very fine patterned borders setting off each picture.

建築

在建築方面,大教堂與聖彼得堡的其他建築不同。這座城市的建築主要是巴洛克式和新古典主義,但血液救世主以浪漫的民族主義精神回歸中世紀的俄羅斯建築。它故意類似於17世紀的雅羅斯拉夫爾教堂和莫斯科著名的聖巴西爾大教堂。

教堂擁有超過7500平方米的馬賽克 – 據其修復者而言,比世界上任何其他教堂都多。聖路易斯大教堂可以超越這一紀錄,其中有7700平方米的馬賽克。內部由當時最著名的俄羅斯藝術家設計 – 包括Viktor Vasnetsov,Mikhail Nesterov和Mikhail Vrubel–但是教堂的首席建築師阿爾弗雷德·亞歷山德羅維奇·帕蘭德(Alfred Alexandrovich Parland)相對鮮為人知(1842年出生於波羅的海 – 德國路德教會的聖彼得堡)。也許並不奇怪,教堂的建設運行超出預算,估計為360萬盧布,但最終耗資超過460萬。教堂內的牆壁和天花板完全覆蓋著錯綜複雜的馬賽克 – 主要圖片是聖經場景或人物 – 但每張圖片都有非常精美的圖案邊框。

Holy Gates
In 2005, the State Museum of St. Isaac’s Cathedral began the recreation of the Holy Gates (permanently lost in the 1920s during the Soviet period). Entirely produced with enamels and based on the pictures and lithographies of the time, the new Holy Gates were designed by V. J. Nikolsky and S. G. Kochetova and reified by the famous enamel artist L. Solomnikova and her atelier. Orthodox bishop Amvrosij of Gatchina celebrated the consecration of these new Holy Gates on 14 March 2012, the 129th anniversary of Alexander II’s assassination.

聖門
2005年,聖艾薩克大教堂國家博物館開始重建聖門(在蘇聯時期永久失去了20世紀20年代)。 完全由琺瑯製作,並根據當時的圖片和平版印刷,新的聖門由V. J. Nikolsky和S. G. Kochetova設計,並由著名的琺瑯藝術家L. Solomnikova和她的工作室製作。 Gatchina的東正教主教Amvrosij於2012年3月14日慶祝這些新聖殿的獻身,這是亞歷山大二世遇刺129週年。

FROM:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Savior_on_Blood

FROM:St. Petersburg, Russia – Spilt Blood Church and Kazan Cathedral – DJI Drone 4K

FROM:Saint Petersburg’s Gilded Church of Blood and Potatoes

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