Rouen Cathedral 魯昂大教堂

Rouen Cathedral 魯昂大教堂

Rouen Cathedral (French: Cathédrale primatiale Notre-Dame de l’Assomption de Rouen) is a Roman Catholic church in Rouen, Normandy, France. It is the see of the Archbishop of Rouen, Primate of Normandy. The cathedral is in the Gothic architectural tradition.

魯昂大教堂（法語：CathédralepintitialeNotre-Dame de l’Assomption de Rouen）是位於法國諾曼底魯昂的羅馬天主教堂。 這是諾曼底靈長類動物魯昂大主教的看法。 大教堂是哥特式建築傳統。

Location:3 rue Saint-Romain
76000 Rouen, Normandy
France
Denomination:Roman Catholic Church
History
Status:Cathedral
Dedication:Our Lady of Rouen
Consecrated:1 October 1063 in the presence of William the Conqueror
Relics held:Saint Romain
Architecture
Functional status :Active
Heritage designation:Classée Monument Historique
Designated:1862
Architectural type:church
Style:Gothic
Groundbreaking:1030
Completed:1880
Specifications
Number of towers:2
Number of spires :2
Bells:70 by Paccard (64 in the Saint-Romain Tower and 6 in the Butter Tower). It is the heaviest peal of bells in France (the overall weight of the cathedral’s 64-bell carillon reckons at 36 tons).
Administration
Archdiocese:Rouen
Clergy
Archbishop:Dominique Lebrun
Priest(s):Fr.Christophe Potel
Laity
Organist(s):Lionel Coulon

地點：聖羅曼街3號
76000魯昂，諾曼底
法國
宗派：羅馬天主教會
歷史
狀態：大教堂
奉獻精神：聖母魯昂
奉獻：1063年10月1日在征服者威廉面前
文物舉行：聖羅曼
建築
功能狀態：有效
遺產名稱：ClasséeMonumentHistorique
指定：1862
建築類型：教堂
風格：哥特式
開工：1030
完成：1880
產品規格
塔數：2
尖頂數量：2
鐘聲：Paccard 70歲（Saint-Romain Tower 64位，Butter Tower 6位）。 它是法國最重的鈴鐺（大教堂的64鈴鍾琴的總重量估計為36噸）。
管理
大主教管區：魯昂
牧師
大主教：多米尼克勒布倫
牧師：克里斯托弗·波特爾神父
俗人
風琴師：Lionel Coulon

History
A church was already present at the location in the late 4th century, and eventually a cathedral was established in Rouen as in Poitiers. It was enlarged by St. Ouen in 650, and visited by Charlemagne in 769.

All the buildings perished during a Viking raid in the 9th century. The Viking leader, Rollo, founder of the Duchy of Normandy, was baptised here in 915 and buried in 932. His grandson, Richard I, further enlarged it in 950. St. Romain’s tower was built in 1035. The buildings of Archbishop Robert II were consecrated in 1065. The cathedral was struck by lightning in 1110.

Construction on the current building began in the 12th century in Early Gothic style for Saint Romain’s tower, front side porches and part of the nave. The cathedral was burnt in 1200. Others were built in High Gothic style for the mainworks: nave, transept, choir and first floor of the lantern tower in the 13th century; side chapels, lady chapel and side doorways in the 14th century. Some windows are still decorated with stained glass of the 13th century, famous because of a special cobalt blue colour, known as “the blue from Chartres”. The north transept end commenced in 1280.

The cathedral was again struck by lightning in 1284. In 1302, the old Lady chapel was taken down and the new Lady chapel was built in 1360. The spire was blown down in 1353, choir windows were enlarged in 1430, the upper storey of the north-west tower was added in 1477, gable of the north transept built in 1478.

Some more parts were built in Late (Flamboyant) Gothic style, these include the last storey of Saint Romain’s Tower (15th century), the Butter Tower, main porch of the front and the two storeys of the lantern tower (16th century). Construction of the south-west tower began in 1485 and was finished in 1507. The Butter Tower was erected in the early 16th century. Butter was banned during Lent and those who did not wish to forgo this indulgence would donate monies of six deniers Tournois from each diocesan for this permission.

The realization of the Butter Tower caused disturbances in the façade, which caused the reconstruction of the central portal and the west front, which begun in 1509 and finished in 1530. The original Gothic spire suffered a fire in 1514, nevertheless the project of a stone spire was denied and a wooden construction covered with gold-plated lead was begun in 1515, a parapet was added in 1580.

In the late 16th century the cathedral was badly damaged during the French Wars of Religion: the Calvinists damaged much of the furniture, tombs, stained-glass windows and statuary. The cathedral was again struck by lightning in 1625 and 1642, then damaged by a hurricane in 1683, the wood-work of the choir burnt in 1727 and the bell broke in 1786. In the late 18th century after the French Revolution, the state (government) nationalised the building and sold some of its furniture and statues to make money and the chapel fences were melted down to make guns to support the wars of the French Republic.

The Renaissance spire was destroyed by lightning in 1822. A new one was rebuilt in Neo-Gothic style, but of cast iron instead of wood. The cathedral was named the tallest building (the lantern tower with the cast iron spire of the 19th century) in the world (151 m) from 1876 to 1880. In the 20th century, during World War II, the cathedral was bombed in April 1944 by the British Royal Air Force. Seven bombs fell on the building, narrowly missing a key pillar of the lantern tower, but damaging much of the south aisle and destroying two rose windows. One of the bombs did not explode. A second bombing by the U.S. Army Air Force (before the Normandy Landings in June 1944) burned the oldest tower, called the North Tower or Saint-Romain Tower. During the fire the bells melted, leaving molten remains on the floor. In 1999, during Cyclone Lothar, a copper-clad wooden turret, which weighed 26 tons, broke and fell partly into the church and damaged the choir.

歷史
4世紀後期，一座教堂已經出現在該地區，最終在魯昂和普瓦捷建立了一座大教堂。它在650年由St. Ouen擴大，並在769年由Charlemagne訪問。

所有的建築物都在9世紀的維京人襲擊中喪生。維京領袖羅洛是諾曼底公國的創始人，他於915年在這裡受洗並於932年被埋葬。他的孫子理查德一世於950年進一步擴大了它。聖羅曼的塔樓建於1035年。大主教羅伯特二世的建築物在1065年被奉獻。大教堂在1110年被閃電擊中。

當前建築的建造始於12世紀的早期哥特式風格，適用於聖羅曼塔，正面門廊和部分教堂中殿。大教堂於1200年被燒毀。其他建築以高哥特風格建造，用於主要工作：13世紀的燈籠塔的中殿，橫斷面，合唱團和一樓; 14世紀的小教堂，女士小教堂和側門廊。有些窗戶仍然裝飾著13世紀的彩色玻璃，因其特殊的鈷藍色而聞名，被稱為“沙特爾的藍色”。北部橫斷面於1280年開始。

大教堂於1284年再次被閃電擊中。1302年，舊的女士教堂被拆除，新的女士教堂建於1360年。尖塔在1353年被炸毀，唱詩班的窗戶在1430年被擴大，上層是西北塔於1477年建成，北坡的山牆建於1478年。

更多的部分是以晚（華麗）哥特式風格建造的，其中包括最後一層的聖羅曼塔（15世紀），黃油塔，前廊的主要門廊和燈籠塔的兩層（16世紀）。 西南塔的建造始於1485年，於1507年完工。黃油塔建於16世紀初。在四旬期期間，黃油被禁止，那些不想放棄這種放縱的人將從每個教區捐贈六名丹尼爾人Tournois的錢來獲得這項許可。

黃油塔的實現造成了外立面的騷亂，導致了中央門戶和西面的重建，始於1509年，並於1530年完工。原始的哥特式尖頂於1514年遭遇火災，但仍然是一塊石頭的項目尖頂被拒絕，1515年開始鋪上鍍金鉛的木結構，1580年增加了一個欄杆。

在16世紀後期，在法國宗教戰爭期間，大教堂遭到嚴重破壞：加爾文主義者損壞了大部分家具，墓葬，彩色玻璃窗和雕像。大教堂在1625年和1642年再次被閃電擊中，然後在1683年受到颶風的破壞，合唱團的木製作品於1727年燒毀，鐘聲在1786年爆發。在法國大革命後的18世紀後期，國家（政府對該建築進行了國有化並出售了一些家具和雕像以賺錢，並且教堂圍欄被熔化以製造槍支以支持法蘭西共和國的戰爭。

文藝復興時期的尖頂在1822年被閃電摧毀。新的尖頂以新哥特式風格重建，但鑄鐵代替木材。從1876年到1880年，大教堂被命名為世界上最高的建築（19世紀鑄鐵尖頂的燈籠塔）（151米）。在20世紀，第二次世界大戰期間，大教堂於1944年4月遭到轟炸。由英國皇家空軍。七盞炸彈落在了建築物上，勉強錯過了燈塔的一個關鍵支柱，但卻損壞了南走道的大部分，並摧毀了兩扇玫瑰窗。其中一枚炸彈沒爆炸。美國陸軍空軍的第二次轟炸（1944年6月在諾曼底登陸之前）燒毀了最古老的塔樓，稱為北塔或聖羅曼塔。在火災期間，鐘聲融化，將熔化的殘留物留在地板上。 1999年，在Cyclone Lothar期間，一個重達26噸的銅製木製砲塔，部分地進入教堂並損壞了合唱團。

Dimensions

The nave
Dimensions
interior length 136.86 m
exterior length 144 m
height of northern crossing 28 m
height of southern crossing 28 m
central spire total height of spire 151 m
weight of spire 8 000 t
choir choir length 34.30 m
choir height 28 m
choir width 12.68 m
crossing tower height of crossing tower 51 m
façade width of western façade 61.60 m
nave width of nave 24.20 m
length of nave 60 m
height of vaults of main aisle 28 m
height of vaults of second aisle 14 m
width of central aisle 11.30 m
tower Beurre height 75 m
tower Saint-Romain height 82 m
transept width of transept 24.60 m
exterior length of transept 57 m
interior length of transept 53.65 m

外形尺寸

中殿
外形尺寸
內部長度136.86米
外部長度144米
北部高度28米
南部跨越高度28米
中央尖頂尖頂總高度151米
尖頂重量8 000噸
合唱團合唱團長度34.30米
合唱高度28米
合唱團寬度12.68米
穿越塔高51米
西立面外立面寬度61.60米
中殿寬度為24.20米
中殿長60米
主通道拱頂高度28米
第二個過道的拱頂高度14米
中央通道寬度11.30米
塔Beurre高度75米
塔聖羅曼高度82米
橫斷面寬度24.60米
外部長度為57米
室內長度為53.65米

FROM:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouen_Cathedral

FROM:Rouen Cathedral “Notre Dame”

FROM:Northern Europe – France Normandy Rouen – Christmas Market at Cathedral Notre-Dame & downtown

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