Palace of Versailles凡爾賽宮
The Palace of Versailles (French: Château de Versailles; English: /vɛərˈsaɪ, vɜːr-/ vair-SY, vur-; French: [vɛʁsaj]) was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI. It is located in the department of Yvelines, in the region of Île-de-France, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the centre of Paris.
The palace is now a Monument historique and UNESCO World Heritage site, notable especially for the ceremonial Hall of Mirrors, the jewel-like Royal Opera, and the royal apartments; for the more intimate royal residences, the Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon located within the park; the small rustic Hameau (Hamlet) created for Marie Antoinette; and the vast Gardens of Versailles with fountains, canals, and geometric flower beds and groves, laid out by André le Nôtre. The Palace was stripped of all its furnishings after the French Revolution, but many pieces have been returned and many of the palace rooms have been restored.
In 2017 the Palace of Versailles received 7,700,000 visitors, making it the second-most visited monument in the Île-de-France region, just behind the Louvre and ahead of the Eiffel Tower.
凡爾賽宮（法語：ChâteaudeVersailles;英語：/vɛərsaɪ，vɜːr-/ vair-SY，vur-;法語：[vɛʁsaj]）是法國的主要皇家住所，從1682年開始，在路易十四下，直到開始1789年法國大革命，路易十六。它位於法蘭西島地區的伊夫林省，距離巴黎市中心西南約20公里（12英里）。
宮殿現在是紀念碑歷史和聯合國教科文組織世界遺產，特別是儀式的鏡廳，珠寶般的皇家歌劇院和皇家公寓;對於更私密的皇家住宅，位於公園內的Grand Trianon和Petit Trianon;為瑪麗·安托瓦內特創作的小鄉村哈默（哈姆雷特）; AndréleNôtre佈置了廣闊的凡爾賽花園，噴泉，運河，幾何花壇和小樹林。在法國大革命之後，宮殿被剝去了所有的家具，但許多作品已被歸還，許多宮殿房間已經修復。
2017年，凡爾賽宮接待了7,700,000名遊客，使其成為法蘭西島地區第二大訪問量最高的紀念碑，位於盧浮宮後面，位於艾菲爾鐵塔前方。
Location:Versailles, France
Coordinates:48.8048°N 2.1203°ECoordinates: 48.8048°N 2.1203°E
Technical details
Floor area:67,000 m² (721,182 ft²)
地點：法國凡爾賽宮
坐標：48.8048°N 2.1203°ECoordinates：48.8048°N 2.1203°E
技術細節
建築面積：67,000m²（721,182ft²）
Architecture and plan
The Palace of Versailles offers a visual history of French architecture from the 17th century to the end of the 18th century. It began with the original château, with the brick and stone and sloping slate mansard roofs of the Louis XIII style used by architect Philibert Le Roy. It then became grander and more monumental, with the addition of the colonnades and flat roofs of the new royal apartments in the French classical or Louis XIV style, as designed by Louis Le Vau and later Jules Hardouin-Mansart. It concluded in the lighter and more graceful neoclassical Louis XVI style of the Petit Trianon, completed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel in 1768.
The palace was largely completed by the death of Louis XIV in 1715. The eastern facing palace has a U-shaped layout, with the corps de logis and symmetrical advancing secondary wings terminating with the Dufour Pavilion on the south and the Gabriel Pavilion to the north, creating an expansive cour d’honneur known as the Royal Court (Cour Royale). Flanking the Royal Court are two enormous asymmetrical wings that result in a facade of 402 metres (1,319 ft) in length. Encompassing 67,000 square metres (721,182 sq ft) the palace has 700 rooms, more than 2,000 windows, 1,250 fireplaces and 67 staircases.
The façade of Louis XIII’s original château is preserved on the entrance front. Built of red brick and cut stone embellishments, the U-shaped layout surrounds a black-and-white marble courtyard. In the center, a 3-storey avant-corps fronted with eight red marble columns supporting a gilded wrought-iron balcony is surmounted with a triangle of lead statuary surrounding a large clock, whose hands were stopped upon the death of Louis XIV. The rest of the façade is completed with columns, painted and gilded wrought-iron balconies and dozens of stone tables decorated with consoles holding marble busts of Roman emperors. Atop the mansard slate roof are elaborate dormer windows and gilt lead roof dressings that were added by Hardouin-Mansart in 1679–1681.
Inspired by the architecture of baroque Italian villas, but executed in the French classical style, the garden front and wings were encased in white cut ashlar stone known as the enveloppe in 1668-1671 by Le Vau and modified by Hardouin-Mansart in 1678–1679. The exterior features an arcaded, rusticated ground floor, supporting a main floor with round-headed windows divided by reliefs and pilasters or columns. The attic storey has square windows and pilasters and crowned by a balustrade bearing sculptured trophies and flame pots dissimulating a flat roof.
建築和計畫
凡爾賽宮（Palace of Versailles）提供從17世紀到18世紀末的法國建築的視覺歷史。它始於原始的城堡，建築師Philibert Le Roy使用的路易十三風格的磚石和傾斜的板岩斜面屋頂。隨後，由Louis Le Vau和後來的Jules Hardouin-Mansart設計的法國古典或路易十四風格的新皇家公寓的柱廊和平屋頂增加了更加宏偉和更具紀念意義。它以輕巧和優雅的新古典主義路易十六風格結束，由Ange-Jacques Gabriel於1768年完成。
這座宮殿大部分都是在路易十四於1715年去世時完成的。東面朝向的宮殿呈U形佈局，南面的杜福亭和北面的加布里埃爾亭終止了軍團和對稱的二級翼。 ，創造了一個廣闊的cour d’honneur，被稱為皇家宮廷（Cour Royale）。皇家宮殿兩側是兩個巨大的不對稱機翼，其外立面長402米（1,319英尺）。該宮殿佔地67,000平方米（721,182平方英尺），擁有700間客房，2,000多個窗戶，1,250個壁爐和67個樓梯。
路易十三（Louis XIII）原有城堡的外觀保留在入口處。 U形佈局由紅磚和切割石材裝飾而成，環繞著黑白大理石庭院。在中心，一個3層高的前衛軍團，前面有八個紅色大理石柱，支撐著一個鍍金的鍛鐵陽台，上面有一個三角形的雕像，周圍是一個大鐘，在路易十四死後，他的雙手停了下來。其餘的外立面是柱子，彩繪和鍍金的鍛鐵陽台和幾十個石桌，裝飾著控制著羅馬皇帝大理石半身像的遊戲機。斜面屋頂上有精心製作的天窗和鍍金鉛屋頂敷料，由Hardouin-Mansart於1679-1681加入。
靈感來自巴洛克式意大利別墅的建築，但以法國古典風格執行，花園前面和翅膀被包裹在白色切割的方石中，在1668-1671由Le Vau封裝，由Hardouin-Mansart於1678-1679修改。 。外觀設有拱形質樸的底層，支撐著一個主樓層，圓形窗戶由浮雕和壁柱或柱子分隔。閣樓層設有方形窗戶和壁柱，並由帶有雕刻獎杯和火焰罐的欄杆加冕，這些火炬掩蓋了平屋頂。
Ownership and management
The Palace of Versailles is owned by the French state. Its formal title is the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles Since 1995, it has been run as a Public Establishment, with an independent administration and management supervised by the French Ministry of Culture. The current Chairperson of the Public Establishment is Catherine Pégard.
所有權和管理
凡爾賽宮由法國政府所有。 它的正式名稱是宮殿，博物館和凡爾賽國家莊園的公共場所自1995年以來，它一直作為一個公共機構運作，由法國文化部監督的獨立行政和管理。 現任公共機構主席是CatherinePégard。
FROM:Versailles, France: Ultimate Royal Palace
FROM:Discover PALACE OF VERSAILLES HD
FROM:Château de Versailles // Palace of Versailles
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以上文章純粹作為欣賞及分享用途，以及將建築新型技術傳遞給與大眾能夠深入了解，同時資料還有來源，將可查詢，絕無使用該文件資料作為商業交易行為，如有違法請務必告知該網站我們將立即處理撤除，謝謝合作。
Ownership and management
The Palace of Versailles is owned by the French state. Its formal title is the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles Since 1995, it has been run as a Public Establishment, with an independent administration and management supervised by the French Ministry of Culture. The current Chairperson of the Public Establishment is Catherine Pégard.
所有權和管理
凡爾賽宮由法國政府所有。 它的正式名稱是宮殿，博物館和凡爾賽國家莊園的公共場所自1995年以來，它一直作為一個公共機構運作，由法國文化部監督的獨立行政和管理。 現任公共機構主席是CatherinePégard。
FROM:Versailles, France: Ultimate Royal Palace
FROM:Discover PALACE OF VERSAILLES HD
FROM:Château de Versailles // Palace of Versailles
Don’t you think it’s addictive?
Want to know more about the beauty of architecture?
Come and join our members to explore the beauty of architectural design.
覺得看得不過癮嗎？
想要知道更多建築之美嗎？
快來加入我們的會員，一同探索建築設計之美。
The above article is purely for appreciation and sharing purposes, as well as the construction of new technology and the public can be in-depth understanding of the information at the same time there are sources, will be able to query, no use of the document as a commercial transaction, if illegal, please inform the We will immediately remove the site, thank you for cooperation.
以上文章純粹作為欣賞及分享用途，以及將建築新型技術傳遞給與大眾能夠深入了解，同時資料還有來源，將可查詢，絕無使用該文件資料作為商業交易行為，如有違法請務必告知該網站我們將立即處理撤除，謝謝合作。
