One World Trado Center 世界貿易中心一號大樓
One World Trade Center (also known as a World Trade Center, a World Trade Center, a World Trade Center, or Freedom Tower ) is the main building of the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York. A World Trade Center is the tallest building in the United States, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, and the sixth tallest building in the world. The super-tall building, with the same name as the North Tower of the former World Trade Center, was destroyed in a terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. The new skyscraper is located on the northwest corner of the 16-acre (6.5-hectare) World Trade Center. The central site is located at the site of the original 6 World Trade Center. To the west of the building is West Street, to the north is Vesey Street, to the south is Fulton Street, and to the east is Washington Street.
世界貿易中心一號大樓（英語：One World Trade Center，亦寫作1 World Trade Center，簡稱「1 WTC」）是紐約曼哈頓下城世界貿易中心大樓的主樓。世界貿易中心是美國最高的建築，是西半球最高的建築，也是世界上第六高的建築。這座超高層建築與前世界貿易中心的北塔同名，於2001年9月11日在一次恐怖襲擊中被摧毀。新的摩天大樓位於16英畝的西北角（6.5-公頃）世界貿易中心。中心站點位於原6世界貿易中心的所在地。大樓西側是西街，北側是Vesey街，南側是富爾頓街，東側是華盛頓街。
The architect of the building is David Childs, and his company Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) also designed Burj Khalifa and Willis Tower. The relocation of the underground public facilities of the new building, the foundation and foundation construction began on April 27, 2006. On April 30, 2012, a World Trade Center became the tallest building in New York City, when it surpassed the Empire State’s high state building. The steel structure of the tower was completed on August 30, 2012. On May 10, 2013, the last component of the skyscraper spire was installed, bringing the total height of the building (including its apex) to 1,776 feet (541 meters). Its foot height is a deliberate reference to the signing year of the United States Declaration of Independence. The building was opened on November 3, 2014; One World Observatory was opened on May 29, 2015.
該建築的建築師是David Childs，他的公司Skidmore，Owings＆Merrill（SOM）也設計了Burj Khalifa和Willis Tower。新大樓的地下公共設施，基礎和基礎建設的搬遷始於2006年4月27日。2012年4月30日，世界貿易中心成為紐約市最高的建築，當時它超過了帝國大廈的高度國家建設。該塔的鋼結構於2012年8月30日完工。2013年5月10日，安裝了摩天大樓尖塔的最後一個部件，使建築物（包括其頂點）的總高度達到1,776英尺（541米）。它的腳高是故意提到美國獨立宣言的簽署年份。該建築於2014年11月3日開放; One World Observatory於2015年5月29日開放。
On March 26, 2009, the New York and New Jersey Port Authority (PANYNJ) confirmed that the official name of the building was “World Trade Center One” instead of its common name “Freedom Tower”. The building is 104 stories high, but the tower has only 94 actual stories.
2009年3月26日，紐約和新澤西港務局（PANYNJ）確認該建築的正式名稱為“世界貿易中心一號”而不是其通用名稱“自由塔”。該建築高104層，但塔樓只有94層實際故事。
The new World Trade Center complex will eventually include five high-rise office buildings built along Greenwich Street and the National September 11 Memorial and Museum on the south side of the World Trade Center where the original twin towers are located. The construction of the new building was part of the commemoration and reconstruction work that was carried out after the destruction of the former World Trade Center building.
新的世界貿易中心綜合體最終將包括沿格林威治街建造的五座高層辦公樓和位於世界貿易中心南側的國家9月11日紀念館和博物館。新大樓的建造是前世界貿易中心大樓被毀後進行的紀念和重建工作的一部分。
General information
Type: Office、Observation、Communication
Architectural style: Contemporary modern
Location: 285 Fulton Street Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates: 40°42′46.8″N 74°0′48.6″W
Construction started: April 27, 2006
Topped-out: May 10, 2013
Height
Architectural:1,776 ft (541.3 m)
Tip:1,792 ft (546.2 m)
Roof:1,368 ft (417.0 m)
Top floor:1,268 ft (386.5 m)
Observatory:1,254 ft (382.2 m)
Technical details
Floor count:94 (+5 below ground floors)
Floor area:3,501,274 sq ft (325,279 m2)
Lifts/elevators: 73, made by ThyssenKrupp.
Design and construction
Architect:David Childsb Daniel Libeskind (2002)
Developer:Port Authority of New York and New JerseyStructural engineer
一般信息
類型：辦公室，觀察，通訊
建築風格：現代時尚
地點：紐約曼哈頓富爾頓街285號
坐標：40°42’46.8“N 74°0’48.6”W
施工開始：2006年4月27日
完成：2013年5月10日
高度
建築：1,776英尺（541.3米）
提示：1,792英尺（546.2米）
屋頂：1,368英尺（417.0米）
頂層：1,268英尺（386.5米）
天文台：1,254英尺（382.2米）
技術細節
樓層數：94（地下+5）
建築面積：3,501,274平方英尺（325,279平方米）
升降機/升降機：73，由蒂森克虜伯製造。
設計和施工
建築師：David Childsb Daniel Libeskind（2002）
開發商：紐約港務局和新澤西州的結構工程師
Construction
The construction of the World Trade Center, of which the Twin Towers (One and Two World Trade Center) were the centerpieces, was conceived as an urban renewal project and spearheaded by David Rockefeller. The project was intended to help revitalize Lower Manhattan. The project was planned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which hired architect Minoru Yamasaki. Yamasaki came up with the idea of building twin towers. After extensive negotiations, the New Jersey and New York State governments, which supervise the Port Authority, consented to the construction of the World Trade Center at the Radio Row site, located in the lower-west area of Manhattan. To satisfy the New Jersey government, the Port Authority agreed to buy the bankrupt Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (renamed to Port Authority Trans-Hudson), which transported commuters from New Jersey to Lower Manhattan.
世界貿易中心的建設，其中雙塔（一個和兩個世界貿易中心）是中心項目，被設想為城市更新項目，由大衛洛克菲勒牽頭。該項目旨在幫助振興曼哈頓下城。該項目由紐約和新澤西港務局策劃，該公司聘請了建築師Minoru Yamasaki。山崎想出了建造雙塔的想法。經過廣泛談判後，監督港務局的新澤西州和紐約州政府同意在位於曼哈頓西北部的Radio Row工廠建造世界貿易中心。為了滿足新澤西州政府的要求，港務局同意購買破產的哈德遜和曼哈頓鐵路（改名為Port Authority Trans-Hudson），該鐵路將通勤者從新澤西運往曼哈頓下城。
The towers were designed as framed tube structures, giving tenants open floor plans, unobstructed by columns or walls.This design was accomplished by using many closely spaced perimeter columns, providing much of the structure’s strength, with the gravity load shared with the core columns. The elevator system, which made use of sky lobbies and a system of express and local elevators, allowed substantial floor space to be used for office purposes by making the structural core smaller. The design and construction of the towers involved many other innovative techniques, such as wind tunnel experiments and the slurry wall for digging the foundation.
塔樓設計為框架式管道結構，為租戶提供開放式平面圖，不受柱子或牆壁的阻礙。這種設計是通過使用許多緊密間隔的周邊柱完成的，提供了大部分結構的強度，重力負荷與核心柱共用。電梯系統利用天空大廳和快速和本地電梯系統，通過使結構核心更小，允許大量的地面空間用於辦公用途。塔的設計和構造涉及許多其他創新技術，例如風洞實驗和用於挖掘基礎的泥漿牆。
Construction of the North Tower (One World Trade Center) began in August 1966; extensive use of prefabricated components sped up the construction process. The first tenants moved into the North Tower in December 1970. In the 1970s, four other low-level buildings were built as part of the World Trade Center complex. A seventh building was built in the mid-1980s.
北塔（一個世界貿易中心）的建設始於1966年8月;大量使用預製構件加快了施工過程。第一批租戶於1970年12月遷入北塔。在20世紀70年代，另外四座低層建築被建成世界貿易中心綜合體的一部分。第七座建築建於20世紀80年代中期。
Design Features
設計特點
The model of the One World Trade Center building now in front of the world, its height, proportions, top antenna and appearance that looks like a knife has been cut, as well as tall foy and pinstriped surfaces, will evoke people’s upcoming Replaced memories of the World Trade Center. Built on the original site of the World Trade Center in Manhattan, the 105-story signage features a 200-foot (60.96-meter) high concrete and steel pedestal that is almost impenetrable and difficult to break, with decorative metalwork on the exterior. The One World Trade Center building actually combines two buildings – the concrete pedestal below and the tower with a glass façade on it. The huge pedestal overlooks the “9.11” memorial, which is a tapered glass tower. The 69-story office area is a restaurant, indoor and outdoor viewing platform, and an antenna mounted in a sculpture similar to a lattice frame. This brings the total height of the building to 1,776 feet (541.3 meters). 1776 ft. — This symbolic height comes from the design of the World Trade Center Tower 1.
現在出現在世人面前的這座世界貿易中心一號大樓模型，其高度、比例、頂部天線和看起來像被刀削過的外觀，以及高大的門廳和細條紋表面，都將喚起人們對它即將取代的世貿中心的回憶。這座105層的標誌建築建於曼哈頓區世貿中心原址，新設計方案採用了幾乎無法滲透和難以攻破的200英尺（60.96米）高混凝土和鋼製基座，外表敷以裝飾性金屬製品。世界貿易中心一號大樓實際上融合了兩個建築———下面的混凝土基座和上面擁有玻璃幕牆的塔身。巨大的基座俯瞰「9·11」紀念館，上面是逐漸變細的玻璃塔身，69層辦公區域之上是餐廳、室內和室外觀景平台以及一根裝在類似格子架的雕塑裡的天線，這使得建築的總高度達到1776英尺（541.3米）。1776英尺———這個象徵性的高度源自世界貿易中心一號大樓之前的設計方案。
According to David Chaltz, the chief designer of Building One of the World Trade Center, in the new program, the height of the One World Trade Center building has not changed, still a symbolic 1776 feet (541.3 meters), this The numbers represent the year of the founding of the United States. The entire building covers an area of 2.6 million square feet and is 105 stories high, including a 69-storey office building. At the top of the One World Trade Center is a 408-foot (122.4-meter) high spiral spire that will bring the entire World Trade Center Tower 1 to 1,776 feet. According to the original design of Daniel Libeskind, the chief designer of the One World Trade Center, the shape of the round spire should be similar to the shape of the torch in the hands of the Statue of Liberty in New York.
據世界貿易中心一號大樓的主設計師大衛·查爾茲說，在新方案中，世界貿易中心一號大樓的高度沒有變化，仍然是具有象徵意義的1776英尺（541.3米），這一數字代表美國建國的年份。整個建築的占地面積是260萬平方英尺，共有105層樓高，其中包括一個約69層高的寫字樓。世界貿易中心一號大樓的最上部是一個約408英尺（122.4米）高的螺旋尖頂，這個尖頂將使整個世界貿易中心一號大樓的高度達到1776英尺。根據世界貿易中心一號大樓主設計師丹尼爾·里伯斯金（Daniel Libeskind）的設計初衷，這個圓形尖頂的造型應該與紐約「自由女神像」手中高擎的那隻火炬外形相似。
September 11 attacks
9月11日襲擊
At 8:46 a.m. (EDT) on September 11, 2001, five hijackers affiliated with al-Qaeda crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into the northern facade of the North Tower. Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03 a.m. (EDT), a second group of terrorists crashed the hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower, striking between the 77th and 85th floors.
2001年9月11日上午8點46分（美國東部時間），與基地組織有關的五名劫機者將美國航空公司的11號航班撞毀在北塔的北立面。十七分鐘後，美國東部時間上午9點03分，第二批恐怖分子將被劫持的美國聯合航空公司175號航班撞向南塔的南立面，在77層和85層之間撞擊。
By 9:59 a.m. (EDT), the South Tower collapsed after burning for approximately 56 minutes. After burning for 102 minutes, the North Tower collapsed due to structural failure at 10:28 a.m. (EDT).When the North Tower collapsed, debris fell on the nearby 7 World Trade Center, damaging it and starting fires. The fires burned for hours, compromising the building’s structural integrity. Seven World Trade Center collapsed at 5:21 p.m. (EDT).
到美國東部時間早上9點59分，南塔在燃燒約56分鐘後倒塌。燃燒102分鐘後，北塔在上午10點28分（美國東部時間）因結構故障而倒塌。當北塔倒塌時，附近的7世界貿易中心的碎片落下，損壞並起火。火災燃燒了幾個小時，損害了建築的結構完整性。七世界貿易中心於下午5:21倒塌。 （美東時間）。
Together with a simultaneous attack on the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and a failed plane hijacking that resulted in a plane crash in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, the attacks resulted in the deaths of 2,996 people (2,507 civilians, 343 firefighters, 72 law enforcement officers, 55 military personnel, and the 19 hijackers).More than 90% of the workers and visitors who died in the towers had been at or above the points of impact. In the North Tower, 1,355 people at or above the point of impact were trapped, and died of smoke inhalation, fell, jumped from the tower to escape the smoke and flames, or were killed when the building eventually collapsed. One stairwell in the South Tower, Stairwell A, somehow avoided complete destruction, unlike the rest of the building. When Flight 11 hit, all three staircases in the North Tower above the impact zone were destroyed, thus making it impossible for anyone above the impact zone to escape. 107 people below the point of impact also died.
加上對弗吉尼亞州阿靈頓的五角大樓的同時襲擊，以及導致賓夕法尼亞州尚克斯維爾飛機失事的飛機失事，這次襲擊導致2,996人死亡（2,507名平民，343名消防員，72名執法人員， 55名軍人和19名劫機者。在塔內死亡的工人和訪客中，90％以上都處於或高於衝擊點。在北塔，在撞擊點或以上的1,355人被困，死於吸入煙霧，摔倒，從塔中跳下以逃避煙霧和火焰，或在建築物最終倒塌時被殺死。在南樓的一個樓梯間，樓梯間A，不知何故避免了完全破壞，不像建築物的其他部分。當11號航班墜毀時，撞擊區上方北塔的所有三個樓梯都被摧毀，因此衝擊區上方的任何人都無法逃脫。低於衝擊點的107人也死了。
Reconstruction
重建
On the day of the attack, New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani said: “We want to rebuild. We have to start from it, become stronger, politically stronger, and more economically stronger. The skyline will be completed again.”
襲擊當天，紐約市長魯迪·朱利安尼稱：「我們要重建。我們要從中再起，變得更加強大、政治上更加強大、經濟上更加強大。天際線會再次補全。」
Within a year of the attack, the damaged part of the Pentagon was rebuilt and stationed. At the end of 2003, the temporary World Trade Center station was opened and the new World Trade Center Tower 7 was rebuilt and completed in 2006. The main site of the World Trade Center was rebuilt until the end of 2006, until the tenant Larry Hilferstein and the New York and New Jersey Port Authority agreed to continue financially. On April 27, 2006, the World Trade Center Building No. 1 began to rebuild, and on May 20, 2013, it reached its highest level. On that day, the height of the building after the apex was installed reached 1,776 feet (541 meters), making it the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere. On November 3, 2014, the World Trade Center Building No. 1 was completed.
襲擊一年內，五角大廈受損部分重建並進駐人員。2003年末，臨時世界貿易中心車站開放，新的世貿中心7號塔重建並於2006年完工。世貿中心主址重建後延至2006年末，直至承租人拉里·希爾弗斯坦和紐約與紐澤西港口事務管理局在財務上取得同意才得繼續。2006年4月27日，世界貿易中心一號大樓開始重建，2013年5月20日蓋到最高。當日，塔尖安裝後的該樓高度達到1,776英尺（541米），成為西半球最高的建築。2014年11月3日，世界貿易中心一號大樓竣工開放。
The other three buildings will be erected on the east side of the World Trade Center. Three towers have been started.
另三座大樓將會在世貿原址靠東一點豎起。三座塔都已開工。
FROM:Official 11 Year Time-Lapse Movie of One World Trade Center
FROM:World Trade Center elevator video
FROM:The Construction of One World Trade Center | History
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