Abraj Al Bait 麥加皇家鐘塔飯店

The Abraj Al-Bait (Arabic: ابراج البيت‎ “Towers of the House (of God, i.e. the Kaaba)”) is a government-owned megatall complex of seven skyscraper hotels in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. These towers are a part of the King Abdulaziz Endowment Project that strives to modernize the city in catering to its pilgrims. The central hotel tower, the Makkah Royal Clock Tower, A Fairmont Hotel, has the world’s largest clock face and is the third-tallest building and fifth-tallest freestanding structure in the world.

The building complex is metres away from the world’s largest mosque and Islam’s most sacred site, the Great Mosque of Mecca. The developer and contractor of the complex is the Saudi Binladin Group, the Kingdom’s largest construction company.It is the world’s most expensive building with the total cost of construction equaling US$15 billion. The complex was built after the demolition of the Ajyad Fortress, the 18th-century Ottoman citadel on top of a hill overlooking the Grand Mosque. The destruction of the historically significant site in 2002 by the Saudi government sparked international outcry and a strong response from Turkey.

Abraj Al-Bait(阿拉伯語:ابراجالبيت“眾議院之塔(上帝,即Kaaba)”)是由沙特阿拉伯麥加的七座摩天大樓酒店組成的政府所有的大型綜合體。這些塔樓是阿卜杜勒阿齊茲國王捐贈項目的一部分,該項目致力於為朝聖者提供現代化的城市服務。中央酒店大樓,麥加皇家鐘樓,費爾蒙酒店,擁有世界上最大的鐘面,是世界上第三高的建築和第五高的獨立式建築。

該建築群距離世界上最大的清真寺和伊斯蘭教最神聖的地方 – 麥加大清真寺僅有數米之遙。該綜合體的開發商和承包商是沙特Binladin集團,這是該國最大的建築公司。它是世界上最昂貴的建築,總建築成本相當於150億美元。該建築群是在Ajyad Fortress拆除後建造的,這座18世紀的奧斯曼城堡位於俯瞰大清真寺的山頂上。沙特政府在2002年破壞了具有重要歷史意義的遺址,引起了國際社會的強烈抗議和土耳其的強烈反響。

Type:Mixed use: Hotel, Residential
Architectural style:Postmodern
Location:Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Coordinates:21°25′08″N 39°49′35″ECoordinates: 21°25′08″N 39°49′35″E
Construction started:2004
Completed:2011
Opening:2011
Height
Architectural:601 m (1,972 ft)
Tip:601 m (1,972 ft)
Antenna spire:601 metres (1,972 feet)
Roof:530 m (1,740 ft)
Top floor:494 m (1,621 ft)
Observatory:484.4 m (1,589 ft)
Technical details
Material:main structural system: reinforced concrete (lower part), steel/concrete composite construction, steel construction (upper part);
cladding: glass, marble, natural stone, carbon-/glass-fibre-reinforced plastic
Floor count:120(Clock Tower)
Floor area:Tower: 310,638 m2 (3,343,680 sq ft)
Development: 1,575,815 m2 (16,961,930 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators:96 (Clock Tower)
Design and construction
Architect:SL Rasch GmbH and Dar Al-Handasah Architects
Structural engineer:SL Rasch GmbH and Dar Al-Handasah
Main contractor:Saudi Binladin Group

類型:混合使用:酒店,住宅
建築風格:後現代主義
地點:沙特阿拉伯麥加
坐標:21°25’08“N 39°49’35”ECoordinates:21°25’08“N 39°49’35”E
建設開始時間:2004年
完成:2011
開幕式:2011
高度
建築:601米(1,972英尺)
提示:601米(1,972英尺)
天線尖頂:601米(1,972英尺)
屋頂:530米(1,740英尺)
頂層:494米(1,621英尺)
天文台:484.4米(1,589英尺)
技術細節
材料:主要結構體系:鋼筋混凝土(下部),鋼/混凝土複合結構,鋼結構(上部);
包層:玻璃,大理石,天然石材,碳纖維/玻璃纖維增強塑料
樓層數:120(鐘樓)
建築面積:塔樓:310,638平方米(3,343,680平方英尺)
發展:1,575,815平方米(16,961,930平方英尺)
電梯/升降機:96(鐘樓)
設計和施工
建築師:SL Rasch GmbH和Dar Al-Handasah Architects
結構工程師:SL Rasch GmbH和Dar Al-Handasah
主承包商:Saudi Binladin Group




Description
The tallest tower in the complex is the tallest building in Saudi Arabia, with a height of 581.1 metres (1,906 feet). Currently it is the fifth-tallest freestanding structure in the world, surpassing the Ping An Finance Centre in Shenzhen, China but shorter than the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, UAE, the Tokyo Skytree in Tokyo, Japan, the Shanghai Tower in Shanghai, China, and the Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China.

The site of the complex is located across the piazza to the south from the main entrance (King Abdul-Aziz Gate) to the Masjid al Haram mosque, which houses the Kaaba. To accommodate worshippers visiting the Kaaba, the Abraj Al-Bait Towers has two large prayer rooms (one for men, one for women) capable of holding more than 10,000 people. The tallest tower in the complex also contains a five-star hotel, operated by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts, to help provide lodging for the millions of pilgrims that travel to Mecca annually to participate in the Hajj.
Abraj Al-Bait compared with other tallest buildings in Asia.
In addition, the Abraj Al-Bait Towers has a five-story shopping mall (the Abraj Al Bait Mall) and a parking garage capable of holding over a thousand vehicles.

The building was planned to be 734 m (2,408 ft) tall in 2006. In 2009, it was published that the final height would be 601 m (1,972 ft). The complex was built by the Saudi Binladin Group, Saudi Arabia’s largest construction company. The tallest building in the complex (from a height of 450 m (1,480 ft) up until the tip) was designed by the German architect Mahmoud Bodo Rasch and his firm SL Rasch GmbH.The façade was constructed by Premiere Composite Technologies, the clock by German tower clock manufacturer PERROT GmbH & Co. KG Turmuhren und Läuteanlagen. According to the Saudi Ministry of Religious Endowments, the project cost US$15 billion.

Clock
The project uses clock faces for each side of the main hotel tower. The highest residential (penthouse) floor stands at 370 m (1,210 ft), just below the media displays under the clock faces. These are with 43 m × 43 m (141 ft × 141 ft) the largest in the world. The roof of the clocks is 450 m (1,480 ft) above the ground, making them the world’s most elevated architectural clocks. A 151-metre-tall (495 ft) spire has been added on top of the clock giving it a total height of 601 m (1,972 ft). Behind the clock faces there is an Astronomy Exhibition situated. In the spire base and the glass covered floors (The Jewel) there is a scientific center which is used to sight the moon in the beginnings of the Islamic Months and to operate an atomic clock which is steering the tower clocks.

描述
該建築群中最高的塔樓是沙特阿拉伯最高的建築,高度為581.1米(1,906英尺)。目前,它是世界上第五高的獨立式建築,超過中國深圳的平安金融中心,但比迪拜的哈利法塔,阿聯酋,日本東京的東京天空,中國上海的上海大廈,和中國廣州的廣州塔。

該建築群的位置位於南面的廣場,從主要入口(阿卜杜勒 – 阿齊茲國王大門)到清真寺(Masjid al Haram),那裡有天房。為了容納參觀天房的信徒,Abraj Al-Bait塔樓有兩個大型祈禱室(一個為男性,一個為女性),可容納10,000多人。該綜合體中最高的塔樓還包括一家由費爾蒙酒店及度假村經營的五星級酒店,為每年前往麥加參加朝覲的數百萬朝聖者提供住宿。
Abraj Al-Bait與亞洲其他最高建築相比。
此外,Abraj Al-Bait Towers還有一個五層樓的購物中心(Abraj Al Bait Mall)和一個可容納超過一千輛車的停車庫。

該建築計劃在2006年達到734米(2,408英尺)高。2009年,據報導最終高度為601米(1,972英尺)。該綜合體由沙特阿拉伯最大的建築公司Saudi Binladin Group建造。該建築群中最高的建築(從450米(1,480英尺)高度直到尖端)由德國建築師Mahmoud Bodo Rasch和他的公司SL Rasch GmbH設計。外立面由Premiere Composite Technologies建造,時鐘由德國塔鐘製造商PERROT GmbH&Co。KG TurmuhrenundLäuteanlagen。據沙特宗教捐贈部稱,該項目耗資150億美元。

時鐘
該項目使用酒店主塔兩側的鐘面。最高的住宅(頂層)樓層高370米(1,210英尺),位於鍾面下方的媒體顯示屏下方。這些是世界上最大的43米×43米(141英尺×141英尺)。時鐘的屋頂高出地面450米(1,480英尺),是世界上最高的建築時鐘。時鐘頂部增加了一個151米高(495英尺)的尖頂,總高度為601米(1,972英尺)。在鐘面後面有一個天文學展覽。在尖頂基座和玻璃覆蓋的地板(The Jewel)中,有一個科學中心,用於在伊斯蘭月初開始觀察月球,並操作一個指向塔鐘的原子鐘。

Features

Comparison of some notable four-face clocks at the same scale.
Top-left: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower
Bottom-left: Allen-Bradley Clock Tower (previous record holder)
Middle: Abraj Al Bait
Top-right: Palace of Westminster clock tower
Bottom-right: Kremlin Clock
The building is topped by a four-faced clock, visible from 25 kilometres (16 miles) away. The clock is the highest in the world at over 400 m (1,300 ft) above the ground. The clock faces are the largest in the world, surpassing the Cevahir Mall clock in Istanbul.

Each of the clock’s four faces measures 46 m (151 ft) in diameter and are illuminated by 2 million LED lights, with four oriented edges, just above the clock alongside huge Arabic script reading: “Allah is great” on the north and south faces and on the west and east the Quran. Four golden domes on pillars on all the corners are also present. Another 21,000 white and green coloured lights, the same as the Saudi Flag, fitted at the top of the clock, flash to signal Islam’s five-times daily prayers, and are visible as far as 30 km (19 mi) away. On special occasions such as new year, 16 bands of vertical lights shoot 10 km (6.2 mi) up into the sky. The clock’s four faces are covered with 98 million pieces of glass mosaics. The Saudi coat of arms is displayed at the centre of each clock behind the dials. The minute hand is 22 m (72 ft) long, while the hour hand is 17 m (56 ft) long.

A viewing deck is located 558 m (1,831 ft) above the ground, right under the crescent. There is also an observatory deck at the base of the clock.

There were rumours that the clock would be set to local Mecca Time, in an attempt to replace the IERS reference meridian (successor of the former Greenwich meridian) as the prime meridian for global time keeping, but the clock is set to Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00).

特徵

一些著名的四面鐘在相同比例下的比較。
左上角:大都會人壽保險公司大樓
左下:Allen-Bradley鐘樓(前記錄保持者)
中間:Abraj Al Bait
右上:威斯敏斯特宮鐘樓
右下:克里姆林宮時鐘
該建築頂部是一個四面鐘,距離25公里(16英里)。時鐘是世界上最高的,距離地面超過400米(1,300英尺)。鐘面是世界上最大的,超過了伊斯坦布爾的Cevahir Mall時鐘。

每個鐘錶的四個面直徑為46米(151英尺),由200萬個LED燈照亮,有四個定向邊緣,正好在時鐘的上方,旁邊是巨大的阿拉伯文字:北面和南面的“阿拉很棒”在古蘭經的西部和東部。所有角落的柱子上都有四個金色的圓頂。另外21,000個白色和綠色的燈,與沙特國旗相同,安裝在時鐘的頂部,閃爍指示伊斯蘭教每日五次祈禱,並可見距離最遠30公里(19英里)。在新的一年等特殊場合,16支垂直燈射向天空10公里(6.2英里)。鐘錶的四個面上覆蓋著9800萬塊玻璃馬賽克。沙特盾徽顯示在錶盤後面每個時鐘的中心。分針長22米(72英尺),而時針長17米(56英尺)。

觀景台位於地面以上558米(1,831英尺)的正下方。時鐘底部還有一個觀景台。

有傳言稱時鐘將設置為當地的麥加時間,試圖取代IERS參考子午線(前格林威治子午線的繼承者)作為全球時間保持的主要子午線,但時鐘設定為阿拉伯標準時間( UTC + 03:00)。

Site, structure and design of Makkah Royal Clock Tower
The site for the tower complex is spread over 23ha south of the Masjid al Haram. The historic Ottoman-era Ajyad Fortress was demolished to make way for the tower. The complex has a built-up area of 2.8 million square metres (21.5 million square feet).

The seven towers of the building rest upon a 15-storey and 115m-high podium, which houses a grand retail area. The tallest tower housing the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel is located in the middle of the building structure. The other six towers – Hajar, ZamZam, Maqam, Qibla and Marwah – are situated to the sides of the clock tower.

The heights of the accompanying towers vary between 200m and 300m, while the number of floors range between 42 and 48.

The Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel is a 120-storey structure. It is described as both the tallest hotel and the tallest clock tower in the world. The clock, measuring 43m × 43m on each above the hotel tower, stands out as the largest clock face in the world. The clock faces are illuminated by around two million LED lights.

The tower features a 71m-tall spire above the clock that raises the building height to 601m above ground. In addition, a 23m-high crescent made of fibreglass-backed mosaic gold is mounted at the top of the tower. The top 200m of the clock tower is clad with fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite panels.

麥加皇家鐘樓的場地,結構和設計
塔樓的遺址分佈在Masjid al Haram以南23公頃。歷史悠久的奧斯曼時代的阿賈德堡壘被拆除,以便為塔樓騰出空間。該綜合體的建築面積為280萬平方米(2150萬平方英尺)。

該建築的七座塔樓位於一幢15層高,115米高的裙樓上,這座裙樓設有一個大型零售區。 Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel酒店最高的塔樓位於建築結構的中間。其他六座塔樓 – Hajar,ZamZam,Maqam,Qibla和Marwah–位於鍾樓兩側。

隨行塔樓的高度在200米到300米之間,而樓層的數量在42到48之間。

Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel酒店擁有120層高的建築。它被描述為世界上最高的酒店和最高的鐘樓。時鐘位於酒店大樓上方,長43米,高43米,是世界上最大的鐘面。鐘面由大約200萬個LED燈照亮。

塔樓高出一盞71米高的尖頂,將建築高度提升到地面以上601米。此外,塔頂安裝了一個23米高的新月形玻璃纖維鑲嵌金馬賽克。鐘樓頂部200米採用纖維增強塑料(FRP)複合板。

Facilities at Makkah Royal Clock Tower Complex
The Makkah Royal Clock Tower complex houses residential towers for permanent residents, a five-star hotel operated by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts for accommodating the Hajj pilgrims, and the Abraj Al Bait shopping mall. The building offers parking space for more than 1,000 vehicles.

Other facilities at the tower complex include an Islamic Museum, a Lunar Observation Centre and a large prayer room with a capacity for more than 10,000 people.

The residents of the tower complex usually perform formal prayers five times a day. The efficient people flow solution provided by Kone for the building complex allows up to 75,000 residents from all the seven towers to exit the building via podiums during each prayer time in an organised manner.

“The architectural design contract for the complex was awarded to Dar Al-Handasah in 2001.”
The podium has 79 elevators and 111 extra heavy-duty Transvario escalators. The clock tower features 94 elevators and 16 extra heavy-duty Transvario escalators. The adjacent towers have 12 elevators including two helipad elevators and six extra heavy-duty Transvario escalators.

Makkah Royal Clock Tower Complex的設施
麥加皇家鐘樓大樓為永久居民提供住宅樓,這是一家由費爾蒙酒店及度假村運營的五星級酒店,可容納朝覲朝聖者和Abraj Al Bait購物中心。該建築提供超過1,000輛車的停車位。

塔樓的其他設施包括伊斯蘭博物館,農曆觀察中心和可容納1萬多人的大型祈禱室。

塔樓的居民通常每天進行五次正式祈禱。 Kone為建築群提供的高效人流解決方案允許來自所有七座塔樓的多達75,000名居民在每個祈禱時間以有組織的方式通過講台離開建築物。

“該建築群的建築設計合同於2001年授予Dar Al-Handasah。”
講台上有79部電梯和111個額外的重型Transvario自動扶梯。鐘樓配有94部電梯和16個額外的重型Transvario自動扶梯。相鄰的塔樓有12部電梯,包括兩個直升機停機坪電梯和六個額外的重型Transvario自動扶梯。

FROM:The ABRAJ Al-Bait Towers- World’s largest Clock Tower in makkah

 

FROM:Abraj Al Bait Opening – The Biggest Clock In The World

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