30 St. Mary Axe 聖瑪莉艾克斯30號大樓

From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_St_Mary_Axe

30 St Mary Axe, with St Andrew Undershaft church in the foreground, pictured from Leadenhall Street
Alternative names The Gherkin
General information
Status Complete
Type Office
Architectural style Neo-futuristic Location St Mary Axe,
London, EC3
United Kingdom Coordinates 51°30′52″N 00°04′49″WCoordinates: 51°30′52″N 00°04′49″W
Construction started 2001
Completed 2003 Opening 28 April 2004; 13 years ago Cost £138 million (plus land cost of £90.6 million)[6] adjusted for inflation: £206 million (plus land cost of £144 million) Height
Roof 180 metres (591 ft)
Technical details
Floor count 41
Floor area 47,950 square metres (516,100 sq ft)
Design and construction
Architect Foster and Partners
Structural engineer Arup
Main contractor Skanska

Appointment
1997
Completion
2004
Area
64,469m²
Height
180m
Capacity
4,500
Client
Swiss Re
Structural Engineer
Arup
Quantity Surveyor
Gardiner & Theobold
M+E Engineer
Hilson Moran Partnership
Landscape Architect
Derek Lovejoy Partnership
Lighting Engineer
Speirs + Major
Website

Architect
Norman Foster
Ove Arup & Partners
Landscape Architect
Derek Lovejoy
Engineer
Hilson Moran
Structural Engineer
Arup
Electrical Engineer
Speirs and Major
Construction Company
Skanska
Designed in
1997
Built in
2001 – 2004
Height
180 m
Top Floor Height
167,1 m
Location
London, England

Architect Norman Foster
Location London, England, UK map
Date 2000 to 2004 timeline
Building Type commercial office tower, skyscraper
Construction System glass cladding
Climate temperate
Context urban
Style High Tech Modern
Notes The Swiss Re tower, nicknamed the Gherkin for its tall, rounded, pickle-like shape.
30聖瑪麗斧,與聖安德魯Unhafthaft教會在前台,從鉛海大街圖
替代名稱小黃瓜
一般信息
狀態完成
類型辦公
建築風格新未來 地點聖瑪麗斧,
倫敦,EC3
英國 坐標51°30’52“N 00°04’49”W坐標:51°30’52“N 00°04’49”W
2001年開始施工
完成2003 2004年4月28日開幕 13年前 成本1.38億英鎊(加上土地成本9060萬英鎊) 調整通貨膨脹:2.06億英鎊(加上土地成本1.44億英鎊)高度
屋頂180米(591英尺)
技術細節
樓數41
佔地面積47,950平方米(516,100平方尺)
設計施工
建築師Foster和合作夥伴
結構工程師Arup
主承包商Skanska

約定
1997年
完成
2004年

64,469m²
高度
180米
容量
4500
客戶
瑞士再保險
結構工程師
奧雅納
工料測量師
加德納和Theobold
M + E工程師
希爾森莫蘭合夥
景觀設計師
Derek Lovejoy合作夥伴
照明工程師
口語+專業
網站

建築師
諾曼·福斯特
Ove Arup&Partners
景觀設計師
Derek Lovejoy
工程師
希爾森·莫蘭
結構工程師
奧雅納
電氣工程師
Speirs和Major
建築公司
斯堪斯卡
設計在
1997年
內置
2001 – 2004年
高度
180米
頂層高度
167,1 m
位置
倫敦,英國

建築師Norman Foster

位置倫敦,英國,英國地圖
2000年至2004年的時間表
建築類型商業辦公大樓,摩天大樓
施工系統玻璃包層
氣候溫和
語境城市
風格高科技現代
備註瑞士再保險塔,綽號為黃瓜,其高大,圓形,鹹菜狀。

From: https://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/30-st-mary-axe/

London’s first ecological tall building and an instantly recognisable addition to the city’s skyline, this headquarters designed for Swiss Re is rooted in a radical approach − technically, architecturally, socially and spatially. Forty-one storeys high, it provides 46,400 square metres net of office space together with an arcade of shops and cafés accessed from a newly created piazza. At the summit is a club room that offers a spectacular 360-degree panorama across the capital.

Generated by a circular plan, with a radial geometry, the building widens in profile as it rises and tapers towards its apex. This distinctive form responds to the constraints of the site: the building appears more slender than a rectangular block of equivalent size and the slimming of its profile towards the base maximises the public realm at street level. Environmentally, its profile reduces wind deflections compared with a rectilinear tower of similar size, helping to maintain a comfortable environment at ground level, and creates external pressure differentials that are exploited to drive a unique system of natural ventilation.

Conceptually the tower develops ideas explored in the Commerzbank and before that in the Climatroffice, a theoretical project with Buckminster Fuller that suggested a new rapport between nature and the workplace, its energy-conscious enclosure resolving walls and roof into a continuous triangulated skin. Here, the tower’s diagonally braced structure allows column-free floor space and a fully glazed facade, which opens up the building to light and views. Atria between the radiating fingers of each floor link vertically to form a series of informal break-out spaces that spiral up the building. These spaces are a natural social focus – places for refreshment points and meeting areas – and function as the building’s ‘lungs’, distributing fresh air drawn in through opening panels in the facade. This system reduces the building’s reliance on air conditioning and together with other sustainable measures, means that it uses only half the energy consumed by a conventionally air-conditioned office tower.

倫敦第一個生態高層建築和城市天際線的瞬間可識別,這個為瑞士再保險設計的總部紮根於一個激進的方法 – 在技術上,在建築,社會和空間上。高達四十一層樓,共有46,400平方米的辦公空間,以及從新建的廣場進入的商店和咖啡廳。在首腦會議是一個俱樂部的房間,在首都提供了一個壯觀的360度全景。

通過圓形平面圖生成,具有徑向幾何形狀,建築物在其上升並且朝向其頂點逐漸變細的情況下變寬。這種獨特的形式響應於網站的約束:建築物比相同尺寸的矩形塊更細長,並且將其輪廓朝向基座的減肥最大化了街道級的公共領域。在環境方面,與其相似尺寸的直線塔相比,其輪廓減少了風力偏轉,有助於保持地面舒適的環境,並產生外部壓力差,被利用來驅動獨特的自然通風系統。

在概念上,塔開發了商業銀行的想法,而在Climatroffice之前,Buckminster Fuller的一個理論項目提出了自然與工作場合之間的新的關係,其能量意識的外殼將牆壁和屋頂分解為連續的三角形皮膚。在這裡,塔的對角支撐結構允許無柱的地板空間和一個完全釉面的門面,這打開建築物的光和視圖。每個樓層的輻射指之間的心房垂直連接,形成一系列非正式的突破空間,螺旋形建築物。這些空間是一個自然的社會焦點 – 點茶點和會議區的地方,並且作為建築物的“肺”,通過外立面的開放面板分配新鮮空氣。這種系統可以減少建築物對空調的依賴,並減少其他可持續的措施,這意味著它只佔傳統空調辦公樓消耗的能源的一半。

TORRE 30 ST MARY AXE (GHERKIN)

From:Sistemas de Construccion

From: http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/30_St_Mary_Axe.html

30 St Mary Axe Commentary
Said to be London’s first environmentally sustainable skyscraper.

“Windows in the lightwells open automatically to augment the air conditioning system with natural ventilation, an occurrence anticipated to save energy for up to 40% of the year.

“The floorplans are shaped like flowers, with a circular perimeter indented by 6 triangular light courts. The indentations remain a constant size at each level, while the space between them diminishes.

“The floor plan is rotated for each successive floor, creating a series of spiraling 5-storey atria that stretch the full height of the building.”

— Emporis, Inc.

Details

Winner of the 2004 RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture.

41 floors. Height 180 m (590 ft)

Architect Foster and Partners
Structural Engineering Ove Arup & Partners
MEP Engineering Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd.
Interior Designer Benett Interior Design
Lighting Consultant Speirs and Major Associates
Acoustics Consultant Sandy Brown Associates LLP
Elevator Consultant Van Deusen & Associates
Facade Consultant Emmer Pfenninger Partner AG
Security System Consultant Videf Security Management Ltd.
Wind Surveyor Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin Inc.
Developer Swiss Re
General Contractor Skanska UK
Project Management RWG Associates
Real-estate Agent DTZ Debenham Tie Leung
Elevator Supplier KONE United Kingdom
Facade Maintenance System Suppliers Lalesse Gevelliften BV, B. Teupen Maschinenbau GmbH
Facade Supplier Schmidlin (UK) Ltd.
Steel Suppliers Hollandia BV, Victor Buyck Steel Construction NV

30聖瑪麗斧評論
據說是倫敦首屈一指的環保摩天大樓。

“Windows將在自動通風的情況下自動打開空調系統,預計可以節省能源達40%的時間。

“平鋪圖形像花朵一樣,圓形的周邊由6個三角形光闌縮進,每個水平上的凹痕都保持不變,而它們之間的距離會減小。

“樓層平面圖每個連續樓層旋轉,創造出一系列螺旋形的五層樓的建築物的整個高度。

– Emporis,Inc.

細節

獲得了2004年RIBA斯特林建築獎。

41層。身高180米(590英尺)

建築師Foster和合作夥伴
結構工程Ove Arup&Partners
MEP工程公司Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd.
室內設計師Benett室內設計
照明顧問Speec和主要職員
聲學顧問Sandy Brown Associates LLP
電梯顧問Van Deusen&Associates
門面顧問Emmer Pfenninger Partner AG
安全系統顧問維德福安全管理有限公司
風測量師Rowan Williams Davies&Irwin Inc.
開發商瑞士再保險
總承包商Skanska UK
項目管理RWG Associates
房地產代理DTZ Debenham Tie Leung
電梯供應商KONE英國
門面維護系統供應商Lalesse Gevelliften BV,B. Teupen Maschinenbau GmbH
門面供應商Schmidlin(UK)Ltd.
供應商Hollandia BV,Victor Buyck Steel Construction NV

30 ST. MARY AXE (THE GHERKIN)

From: Rockma134

THE GHERKIN – REALTIME CG ENVIRONMENT INTERIOR

From:RealtimeCG1

From: http://www.archdaily.com/447221/the-gherkin-how-london-s-famous-tower-leveraged-risk-and-became-an-icon-part-4
ArchDaily
News
The Gherkin: How London’s Famous Tower Leveraged Risk and Became an Icon (Part 4)
The Gherkin: How London’s Famous Tower Leveraged Risk and Became an Icon (Part 4)
01:00 – 26 November, 2013 by Jonathan Massey
Save this article Pin It Save The Gherkin: How London’s Famous Tower Leveraged Risk and Became an Icon (Part 4)
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The Gherkin: How London’s Famous Tower Leveraged Risk and Became an Icon (Part 4), Courtesy Jonathan Massey & Andrew Weigand Courtesy Jonathan Massey & Andrew Weigand
This four part series (originally published on Aggregate’s website) examines the Gherkin, the London office tower designed by Foster + Partners, showing how the urban icon engaged and leveraged perceptions of risk. In part one, author Jonathan Massey introduced the concept of “risk design” to describe how the Gherkin’s design managed the risks posed by climate change, terrorism, and globalization. In parts two and three, Massey examined the building’s treatment of risks associated with climate change and terrorism. In this final installment, Massey concludes by addressing the building’s engagement with risks posed to the City of London by globalization.

Unlike New York and other cities in which zoning codes entitle landowners to some kinds of development “as of right,” the City of London regulates property development through case-by-case review by planning officers, who judge how well the proposed construction conforms to City-wide plans and guidelines regarding factors such as building height, development density, access to transit, and impact on views and the visual character of the area. In order to develop the Gherkin, the property owners and Swiss Re had to secure planning consent from the City Corporation through its chief planning officer, Peter Wynne Rees. The review and permitting process that culminated in the granting of planning consent in August 2000 spanned the planning office as well as the market, the courts, and the press. Rees brokered a multilateral negotiation so intensive that we could almost say the building was designed by bureaucracy. Part of that negotiation entailed imagining and staging risk: climate risk, terrorism risk, and, especially, the financial risks associated with globalization.

As the Olympic bid poster reminds us, the Foster + Partners design for 30 St. Mary Axe helped the City rebrand itself as a center of innovation and investment and so to secure its position within a neoliberal economic geography construed as a competition among cities for global capital and its management.  These triumphalist associations mask a more complex history, though. The building brokered a renegotiation of authority, decision-making, and spatial control through which the City Corporation traded a measure of the autonomy it historically possessed in order to retain meaningful sovereignty in a changing world.

A block west of the St. Mary Axe site is the forty-seven-story Tower 42, designed in the late 1960s by Richard Seifert and at 183 meters then the tallest building in the United Kingdom. Since the building’s completion in 1981, the City had enforced an unwritten prohibition on further skyscraper construction, steering developers and architects toward the design and construction of “groundscrapers,” low-rise but horizontally extensive buildings that evoked the neoclassical business palaces of the Edwardian era while providing minimally obstructed floorplates along with the communications cabling and air conditioning required for computing-intensive trading.  These large buildings, which emulated North American precursors in providing the large floorplates and open workspaces preferred by multinational corporations and large financial firms, reflected a concession on the part of planners to a transnational range of clients and developers increasingly prevalent in the City office space market after the “Big Bang” banking deregulation of 1986.  Construction of the Canary Wharf development in the Docklands had created a second business district a few miles to the east, its American-style skyscrapers drawing some large banks and financial services firms from the City, which was also conscious of competing with Paris and especially Frankfurt for the footloose capital of Europe’s financial services business.

ArchDaily
新聞
黃金:倫敦著名的塔樓如何利用風險並成為一個圖標(第4部分)
黃金:倫敦著名的塔樓如何利用風險並成為一個圖標(第4部分)
由Jonathan Massey於2013年11月1日至11日期間
保存這篇文章Pin It Save The Gherkin:倫敦著名的塔樓如何利用風險並成為一個圖標(第4部分)
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黃金:倫敦著名的塔樓如何利用風險成為一個圖標(第4部分),由Jonathan Massey和Andrew Weigand提供Jonathan Massey和Andrew Weigand
這個四部分系列(最初在Aggregate的網站上發表)檢查了由Foster + Partners設計的倫敦辦公大樓Gherkin,展示了城市圖標如何引導和利用風險的看法。在第一部分中,作者喬納森·馬西(Jonathan Massey)介紹了“風險設計”的概念,描述了小黃瓜設計如何管理氣候變化,恐怖主義和全球化帶來的風險。在第二部分和第三部分中,馬西研究了建築物對與氣候相關風險的處理改變和恐怖主義在最後一批中,Massey總結說,通過全球化處理建築物對倫敦市的風險的參與。

與紐約市和其他城市相比,分區規則賦予土地所有者權利賦予某些種類的發展“倫敦金融城通過逐案審查規劃官員來管理房地產開發,他們判斷擬議建築符合的程度如何關於建築高度,發展密度,通行能力以及對景觀影響以及該地區視覺特徵等因素的全市計劃和指導方針。為了開發小黃瓜,業主和瑞士再保險公司必須通過首席策劃官Peter Wynne Rees來確保城市公司的規劃同意。 2000年8月達成規劃同意的審查和許可程序跨越了規劃辦公室,市場,法院和新聞界。里斯進行了多邊談判,密集,我們幾乎可以說這座建築是由官僚設計的。這種談判的一部分需要設想和分擔風險:氣候風險,恐怖主義風險,特別是全球化帶來的財務風險。

隨著奧運競標海報提醒我們,30位聖瑪麗斧的Foster + Partners設計幫助城市重塑自己作為創新和投資的中心,從而確保其在新自由主義經濟地理學中的地位,被視為全球城市之間的競爭資本及其管理。 雖然這些凱旋門協會掩蓋了更複雜的歷史。該建築物進行了重新談判的權力,決策和空間控制,城市公司通過它進行了歷史上所擁有的自治的措施,以便在不斷變化的世界中保留有意義的主權。

聖瑪麗斧站西面的一個街區是四十七層樓的42號樓,由Richard Seifert在1960年代末設計,距離英國最高的建築物有183米。自1981年建成以來,該市已經實施了一項不成文的禁令,進一步摩天大樓建設,指導開發商和建築師們設計和建造“地下室”,引起了愛德華時代新古典主義商業宮殿的低層但橫向廣泛的建築同時為計算密集型交易所需的通信佈線和空調提供最小限度的鋪設板。 這些大型建築模仿北美前體提供大型地板和跨國公司和大型金融公司優先開放的工作空間,反映了規劃者對跨國范圍的客戶和開發商越來越流行的讓步1986年“大爆炸”銀行解除管制後的辦公空間市場。港區建設金絲雀碼頭髮展創造了距東部幾英里的第二個商業區,其美式摩天大樓畫了一些大型銀行和金融該市的服務公司也意識到與巴黎特別是法蘭克福競爭歐洲金融服務業務的自由資本。

WELCOME TO THE GHERKIN – HOW WE INVENTED THE WORLD

From:InventingTheWorld

NORMAN FOSTER FUNDACIÓN CAJA DE ARQUITECTOS

From:arquia AUDIOVISUALES

TEACH YOU HOW TO DRAW 教你如何繪圖 –

VIDEO TUTORIAL OF ARCHITECTURAL MODELING OF THE GHERKIN

From:Dashpinder Singh

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